This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

We present airborne observations of fetch-limited waves generated during strong offshore winds, ranging between 10 and 25 m s⁻¹, in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. The measurements were collected over a wide range of fetches, from young to fully-developed seas, and include one- and two-dimensional wavenumber spectra, wind velocities, and atmospheric turbulent fluxes. The observed evolution of the wave field is compared to numerical simulations using a recently proposed wave dissipation formulation. In particular, we compare the observed and computed evolution of the directional spectra for fetch-limited conditions under realistic wind forcing. The thesis is composed of two main chapters, both of which are self contained and can be read independently of one another. The first chapter focuses on the analysis of the wind and wave measurements collected in the Gulf of Tehuantepec during February, 2004. It provides a description of the environmental conditions, the instrumentation, as well as the techniques used in the analysis for the characterization of the wind-wave spectrum with respect the wave age or fetch. The results are discussed in the context of previous observations and current numerical wind-wave prediction models. The second chapter describes the comparison of the measured wavenumber spectra with numerical simulations using state- of-the-art wind-wave models. It provides general background information on the physics and the development of numerical wind-wave models. The model is first implemented and tested under the idealized conditions of spectral evolution in one spatial direction with stationary uniform winds. The two-dimensional simulations are carried out over the Gulf of Tehuantepec for two research flights with the assumed steady wind forcing based on the airborne wind measurements, QuikSCAT scatterometer winds, and reanalysis model winds from NCEP/ NARR. The computed wave spectra are directly compared to the airborne observations over a wide range of wave ages. The comparison between the observations and the numerical simulations highlights some of the issues associated with the source term balance in the tail of the spectrum. The performance of the model suggests that the Alves and Banner (2003) dissipation is a good first step for realistic simulations of the wind-wave spectrum. The possible reasons for differences between the measurements and the simulations are discussed

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In the current environment of No Child Left Behind-driven school reform, most attempts to ratchet up academic standards have involved creating pacing calendars that steer teachers through the content, benchmark tests that measure students' degree of mastery of a multitude of standards, increased standardized testing, and rampant tracking of students. The result has been the creation of an increasingly scripted approach to teaching that does not take into account the needs of diverse learners. Due to this reality, it is up to teachers to take steps to empower all students, especially those of minority status who are stuck in "failing" schools, with the tools necessary to become lifelong learners. Connecting Past to Present is a social studies curriculum that seeks to do just that. Implementation of Connecting Past to Present took place in a seventh grade classroom comprised mostly of Latino students of low socio-economic status. Data collected consisted of the results of students' attempts to self-monitor their work habits; assessments of students' abilities to use Bloom's Taxonomy as a tool to reach higher levels of thinking; teacher observations of discussions and work samples to measure students' progression towards a critical perspective; and students' responses to reflective writing experiences throughout the process. The data indicate that students can succeed in a challenging curriculum that provides them with the tools needed to do so. Students demonstrated the ability to monitor and improve their own work habits and to think critically about historical and contemporary issues of tolerance and equality

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This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

[No abstract]

Many species of micronekton perform diel vertical migrations (DVMs), which ultimately contributes to carbon export to the deep sea. However, not all micronekton species perform DVM, and the nonmigrators, which are often understudied, have different energetic requirements that might be reflected in their trophic ecology. We analyze bulk tissue and whole animal stable nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ ¹⁵N values) of micronekton species collected seasonally between 0 and 1250 m depth to explore differences in the trophic ecology of vertically migrating and nonmigrating micronekton in the central North Pacific. Nonmigrating species exhibit depth-related increases in δ ¹⁵N values mirroring their main prey, zooplankton. Higher variance in δ ¹⁵N values of bathypelagic species points to the increasing reliance of deeper dwelling micronekton on microbially reworked, very small suspended particles. Migrators have higher δ ¹⁵N values than nonmigrators inhabiting the epipelagic zone, suggesting the consumption of material during the day at depth, not only at night when they migrate closer to the surface. Migrating species also appear to eat larger prey and exhibit a higher range of variation in δ ¹⁵N values seasonally than nonmigrators, likely because of their higher energy needs. The dependence on material at depth enriched in ¹⁵N relative to surface particles is higher in migratory fish that ascend only to the lower epipelagic zone. Our results confirm that stark differences in the food habits and dietary sources of micronekton species are driven by vertical migrations.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.