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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (1704 results)

  • Article
Policy Briefs (2018)
Nearly 250,000 workers are employed in the retail and food service sector in the state of Connecticut. Nationally, jobs in the service sector are characterized by low pay and few fringe benefits, and workers employed in the service sector have little control over the days and times that they will work. In addition, many service sector employers across the country rely on just-in-time and on-call scheduling practices designed to minimize labor costs by closely aligning staffing with consumer demand. These practices can introduce a great deal of instability into the lives of workers and their families.
    Cover page: Working in the service sector in Connecticut
    • Article
    Policy Briefs (2017)
    The Great Recession has ruined the finances of millions of families and has had long-lasting impacts on employment. But less is known about its social consequences, about how it affected the intimate lives of the most disadvantaged – and in particular how it affected their fertility. Prior research has found that fertility decisions are often disconnected from economic concerns. In a new paper, I find the opposite: fertility falls in response to severe economic shocks among unmarried and teen women.1 I show that during the Great Recession, unmarried women increased their use of contraceptives and made use of more effective contraceptive methods. My results suggest that the Great Recession decreased fertility with consequences for the society as a whole.
      Cover page: The Great Recession reduced fertility among unmarried and teen women
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      Structure and Dynamics, Volume 9, Issue 1 (2016)

      This article draws on ethnographic field research in Buka, Bougainville, in order to address the question of multiple models in spatial orientation and the factors that constrain their relative salience. With respect to different Polynesian settings (Tonga and Samoa), Bradd Shore has suggested that a preference for allocentric models may be linked to pronounced social hierarchies. However, findings from other settings (Taumako) indicate that matters may be more complicated. Within the Buka area, I suggest that the relative salience of allocentric and egocentric radiality is connected to people’s relative position in local hierarchies. “Mainlanders,” who are located “above” in terms of local social hierarchies, rely more strongly on allocentric models, compared to “saltwater people” who are located further “below” and prefer to use egocentric models. I link this finding to the contrast between “mainland” and “saltwater” subsistence activities and show how “mainlanders” adopt a system of allocentric spatial orientation in their everyday activities of gardening, while spatial orientation during “saltwater people’s” fishing activities is strongly egocentric.

        Cover page: ABOVE AND BELOW AMONG MAINLANDERS AND SALTWATER PEOPLE IN BUKA, BOUGAINVILLECreative Commons 'BY' version 3.0 license
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        Room One Thousand, Issue 4 (2016)

        An essay by Tatjana Schneider on the work of Will Alsop and Reversible Destiny.

          Cover page: Spaces of Complexity On Not-Knowing, Un- Learning and ‘Panoramas of Possibilties’
          • Article
          Capstone Projects (2019)
          As the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) embarks on a one-year dockless mobility pilot program, both LADOTstaff and the residents they serve have raised concerns over equity and access. Dockless mobility refers to dockless orfree-floating bicycles, electric bicycles, and electric scooters available for short-term rental that have begun to proliferate in citiesacross the country. LADOT staff have permitted eight companies with an accumulated 36,000 vehicles. Because the distributionof scooters across Los Angeles neighborhoods is far from even, LADOT staff are currently using CalEnviroScreen 3.0 to identifydisadvantaged communities where regulations incentivize operators to deploy their scooters. However, CalEnviroScreen 3.0 is ametric developed to identify communities likely affected by environmental injustices and as such prioritizes environmentalexposure factors over those that may affect transportation access.The purpose of this project is to first address the CalEnviroScreen limitations in analyzing dockless mobility equity by developingan access-focused Dockless Equity Map that locates the most socioeconomically and access disadvantaged communities in LosAngeles. LADOT staff could then produce regulations that promote enhanced dockless outreach and service in these areas. Iconstructed this map using data on socioeconomic characteristics (e.g. poverty level, race, etc.) and spatial access indicators (e.g.job accessibility by transit, car ownership, etc.). The Dockless Equity Map includes areas in the San Fernando Valley, East LosAngeles, South Los Angeles, and the Harbor that may be the most appropriate targets for dockless mobility equity policies.While developing an appropriate Equity Map is a crucial step, simply dropping scooters in underserved areas will not translate toequitable access. The final section of this report identifies actions that LADOT staff can take during the one-year pilot and beyondto ensure equitable access in the Dockless Equity Map areas. Through interviews with community-based organizationrepresentatives, I developed the following recommendations: 1) engage with residents in the Dockless Equity Map target areas inorder to educate them on dockless mobility, 2) utilize data collected during the one-year pilot to set specific equity goals, and 3)address infrastructure and safety concerns.
            Cover page: Wheels for All: Ensuring Equitable Access to Dockless Mobility in Los Angeles
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2018)
            For well over half of the 150 years since the discovery of the neural crest, the special ability of these cells to function as a source of species-specific pattern has been clearly recognized. Initially, this observation arose in association with chimeric transplant experiments among differentially pigmented amphibians, where the neural crest origin for melanocytes had been duly noted. Shortly thereafter, the role of cranial neural crest cells in transmitting species-specific information on size and shape to the pharyngeal arch skeleton as well as in regulating the timing of its differentiation became readily apparent. Since then, what has emerged is a deeper understanding of how the neural crest accomplishes such a presumably difficult mission, and this includes a more complete picture of the molecular and cellular programs whereby neural crest shapes the face of each species. This review covers studies on a broad range of vertebrates and describes neural-crest-mediated mechanisms that endow the craniofacial complex with species-specific pattern. A major focus is on experiments in quail and duck embryos that reveal a hierarchy of cell-autonomous and non-autonomous signaling interactions through which neural crest generates species-specific pattern in the craniofacial integument, skeleton, and musculature. By controlling size and shape throughout the development of these systems, the neural crest underlies the structural and functional integration of the craniofacial complex during evolution.
              • Multimedia
              SafeTREC Webinars (2014)
              Many of San Francisco’s streets are dangerous by design. Each day in the city, at least three people walking are hit by cars. In 2013, a near-record number of people were killed while walking and biking: 21 pedestrians and four bicyclists were victims of lethal traffic crimes–including six year-old Sofia Liu(link is external) and an 86 year old man who were both killed in crosswalks–the highest number since 2007. In response to increasing number of traffic-related injuries and deaths, Walk SF, the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, and a coalition of over 30 community organizations called on City leaders and agencies to formally adopt Vision Zero policies that include funding and implementing critical engineering, enforcement, and education efforts. This presentation will tell the story of year one of Vision Zero in San Francisco and where the City is headed in year two. 
              • 1 supplemental audio file
              • 1 supplemental file
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2018)

              American adolescents overwhelmingly engage in insufficient physical activity (PA). Attention has turned to the role of affect in shaping PA, raising questions as to whether the impact of affect on PA is direct/automatic or cognitively mediated ("Type 1" or "Type 2" in the dual-process model). This study examines whether intrinsic motivation (IM) mediates the association between affect and PA. Adolescents (N = 142, 48% Male, 20% non-Latino White, mean age = 11.04 years, mean VO2 = 37.19 ml/kg/min, mean BMI = 63.19) completed assessments of cardiorespiratory fitness, affective response to exercise on a stationary cycle, IM, preferred exercise intensity, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; ActiGraph). Fitness, exercise intensity and MVPA assessments were repeated 5 months later. Tests for mediation showed that affect predicted PA at baseline and 5 months, and IM mediated the relationship between affect and PA both cross-sectionally (CI = 0.03, 0.17) and longitudinally (CI = 0.04, 0.18). Results suggest a cognitively mediated pathway from affect to behavior. Adolescent PA may be increased either by enhancing IM or by tailoring interventions to accommodate individuals with a predisposition to respond to exercise with negative affect. This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (ID # NCT01876602).

                Cover page: Intrinsic Motivation Mediates the Association Between Exercise-Associated Affect and Physical Activity Among Adolescents.
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2015)
                Molecular and cellular mechanisms that control jaw length are becoming better understood. This is significant since the jaws are not only critical for species-specific adaptation and survival, but they are often affected by a variety of size-related anomalies including mandibular hypoplasia, retrognathia, asymmetry, and clefting. This chapter overviews how jaw length is established during the allocation, proliferation, differentiation, and growth of jaw precursor cells, which originate from neural crest mesenchyme (NCM). The focus is mainly on results from experiments transplanting NCM between quail and duck embryos. Quail have short jaws whereas those of duck are relatively long. Quail-duck chimeras reveal that the determinants of jaw length are NCM mediated throughout development and include species-specific differences in jaw progenitor number, differential regulation of various signaling pathways, and the autonomous activation of programs for skeletal matrix deposition and resorption. Such insights help make the goal of devising new therapies for birth defects, diseases, and injuries to the jaw skeleton seem ever more likely.
                  Cover page: Chapter Eleven Regulation of Jaw Length During Development, Disease, and Evolution
                  • Article
                  • Peer Reviewed
                  Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Volume 24 (2002)
                    Cover page: Functional Imaging of the Brain -- Developing a Synergy of Cognitive Neuroscience Behavior Modeling
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