In this dissertation I argue that the literary imagination of late nineteenth century Japanese travel narratives fixated on the figure of the translator as a model of success and mastery in the international forum who could bridge linguistic differences with aplomb. The figure of the translator during what I call ‘the moment of the translator’ from roughly the 1850s through the 1870s served a key purpose: he embodied a model of modern Japanese identity that could successfully move through international contexts, on Western terms, by means of his fluency in foreign languages. In chapter 1 I examine the multitude of historical figures who acted as translators in the late nineteenth century to argue that the cumulative force of their public stories created 'the moment of the translator.' In chapter 2 I consider one of the most popular fictional travel narratives to feature a translator figure: Kanagaki Robun's Seiyôdôchû hizakurige. Next, I consider the non-fictional travel writings and primers of Fukuzawa Yukichi to demonstrate how he implicitly models himself as a translator and successful participant in the international forum. I then turn to the travel writings of Nagai Kafû who wrote a generation later, and whose translator figure transforms into the figure of the wandering artist. Finally, I turn to the contemporary author Tawada Yôko to consider the subverted legacies of the translator figure, who comes into view again in Tawada's transnational, multilingual fiction.

On their annual northward migration, tens of thousands of brant geese descend on Humboldt Bay to feed on the long green ends of eelgrass. It might seem grazing could hurt eelgrass, which provides important vegetation and habitat for many marine species. However, this is not the case. California Sea Grant research shows that grazing by geese, at its current intensity level, stimulates eelgrass growth.

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds and other seagrass ecosystems around the world are recognized for their trophic support, nursery, refuge, water quality and recreational functions (Williams and Heck 2001).

Recently, the magnetic moment/Mn, M, in MnxSi1−x was measured to be 5.0 Bohr magneton/Mn, at x=0.1%. To understand this observed M, we investigate several MnxSi1−x models of alloys using first-principles density functional methods. The only model giving M=5.0 was a 513-atom cell having the Mn at a substitutional site, and Si at a second-neighbor interstitial site. The observed large moment is a consequence of the weakened d-p hybridization between the Mn and one of its nearest neighbor Si atoms, resulting from the introduction of the second-neighbor interstitial Si. Our result suggests a way to tune the magnetic moments of transition metal doped semiconductors.

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