The evidence to date regarding corticosteroid exposure in pregnancy and select pregnancy and birth outcomes is limited and inconsistent. The authors provide a narrative review of published literature summarizing the findings for oral clefts, preterm birth, birth weight, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Whenever possible, the results are limited to oral or systemic administration with a further focus on use in autoimmune disease. Although previous studies of corticosteroid exposure in pregnancy reported an increased risk of oral clefts in the offspring, more recent studies have not replicated these findings.

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common vascular tumors in infants, appearing in early infancy and ultimately regressing with time. Clinical presentation may vary, with a minority of lesions causing impairment of vital function (e.g., respiratory or visual obstruction), permanent scarring, and/or disfigurement. The pathogenesis of IH is complex and poorly understood. Risk factors implicated in their development include preterm birth and placental anomalies. IH presents a myriad of clinical challenges, including correct diagnosis and whether or not to pursue treatment. This article is a review of the current literature regarding pathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of IH. Birth Defects Research 109:809-815, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.