Skip to main content
eScholarship
Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (5 results)

  • Article
Other Recent Work (2012)

New research based on FBI data show that gay men face higher rates of hate-motivated physical violence than lesbians, bisexuals or other federally protected groups with high rates of hate crimes.

This revelation is especially troubling given prior research has shown that sexual orientation-motivated hate crimes tend to be more violent. Among the research findings, 26 in 100,000 gay men reported being victims of hate-motivated crimes against persons, compared to 10 in 100,000 lesbians, 5 in 100,000 African Americans, and 5 in 100,000 Jewish Americans.  Gay men also face the second highest risk of being victims of hate-motivated property crime (9 in 100,000 gay men).

Further, reporting of such hate crimes is likely under represented since data reflect only those who report such crimes to local law enforcement, who then choose whether to report the data to the FBI.  Although prior research has suggested that lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals, Jews, and Blacks experience similar levels of overall victimization, this study is the first to demonstrate that these groups do not experience the same types of hate crimes and that when lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals are considered separately, gay men experience more hate crimes.

    Cover page: Comparison of Hate Crime Rates Across Protected and Unprotected Groups – An Update
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    Other Recent Work (2010)

    Various parties have called on Hong Kong to pass legislation proscribing sexual orientation-based employment discrimination. The government has suggested that data on discrimination should inform debate on this matter. This survey of 792 self-identified sexual orientation minorities in Hong Kong examined (1) the prevalence of sexual orientation-based discrimination, (2) risk factors associated with experiencing discrimination, and (3) the relationship between experiencing employment discrimination and psychological outcomes. Nearly one-third of respondents reported discrimination. Rates of discrimination varied by age, education, and level of sexual orientation disclosure. Reports of discrimination were associated with negative psychological outcomes. This paper discusses how these results reinforce calls for legislative action. Limitations and directions for future research are also considered.

      Cover page: Employment Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation: A Hong Kong Study
      • Article
      Other Recent Work (2014)
      The authors of this report reviewed 51 studies that analyze data about transgender parents. This report reviews the existing research on the prevalence and characteristics of transgender people who are parents, the quality of relationships between transgender parents and their children, outcomes for children with a transgender parent, and the reported needs of transgender parents. Overall, the authors found that substantial numbers of transgender people are parents, though at rates below the U.S. general population.  The vast majority of transgender parents report that their relationships with their children are good or positive, including after “coming out” as transgender or transitioning. Based on their review, the authors recommend further research on the many facets of transgender parents’ lives, including research on the impact of discrimination on transgender parents and their families. Increased data collection and research will lead to a fuller understanding of the experiences and needs of transgender parents and their children.
        Cover page: Transgender Parenting: A Review of Existing Research
        • Article
        UCLA Previously Published Works (2022)
          Cover page: Hate Crimes Against LGBT People
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UCLA Previously Published Works (2022)
          We estimate the prevalence and characteristics of violent hate crime victimization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the United States, and we compare them to non-LGBT hate crime victims and to LGBT victims of violent non-hate crime. We analyze pooled 2017-2019 data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (n persons = 553, 925;n incidents = 32, 470), the first nationally representative and comprehensive survey on crime that allows identification of LGBT persons aged 16 or older. Descriptive and bivariate analysis show that LGBT people experienced 6.6 violent hate crime victimizations per 1,000 persons compared with non-LGBT people's 0.6 per 1,000 persons (odds ratio = 8.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.94, 14.65). LGBT people were more likely to be hate crime victims of sexual orientation or gender bias crime and less likely to be victims of race or ethnicity bias crimes compared to non-LGBT hate crime victims. Compared to non-LGBT victims, LGBT victims of hate crime were more likely to be younger, have a relationship with their assailant, and have an assailant who is white. Compared to LGBT victims of non-hate violence, more LGBT hate crime victims reported experiencing problems in their social lives, negative emotional responses, and physical symptoms of distress. Our findings affirm claims that hate crimes have adverse physical and psychological effects on victims and highlight the need to ensure that LGBT persons who experience hate crime get necessary support and services in the aftermath of the crime.
            Cover page: Hate crimes against LGBT people: National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017-2019Creative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
            Top