My dissertation contextualizes the early twentieth century simultaneous migrations of Afro-Caribbean colonists and African-American southerners to New York City, which housed the most ethnically and culturally diverse black population in the country. The southern migrants and Afro-Caribbean immigrants’ ideals and identity in their homeland, and after they settled in their destination city are explored. Considering, as it does, persons of African descent who live in the United States and the British Caribbean, it is also an Atlantic world study. It engages how the simultaneous migrations and the relationship that was developed between the southern migrants and Afro-Caribbean immigrants led to a change in the community and in the identity of the Harlemnites.