While explanations provide the power to understand the worldaround us, people are often overconfident about their ownunderstanding. We explored how people’s perceptions of theirunderstanding of phenomena is related to endorsement ofconspiracy theories. We first tested people’s perceptions oftheir understanding of the 2016 Presidential electoral processand then measured their beliefs that the election itself wasillegitimate, a form of conspiratorial belief. We found thatparticipants who still endorsed high levels of understandingafter generating an explanation for the 2016 election were alsomore likely to endorse the election was illegitimate. However,this finding only obtained for participants who voted for thelosing candidate. These results suggest interesting avenues forexploring individual differences that may be related to theillusion of explanatory depth.

Educational and training programs designed to reduce racial bias often focus on increasing people's awareness of psychological sources of their biases. However, when people learn about their biases, they often respond defensively, which can undermine the effectiveness of antibias interventions and the success of prejudice regulation. Using process (Quad) modeling, we provide one of the first investigations of the relationships between (a) controlled and automatic cognitive processes that underpin performance on the Implicit Association Test and (b) defensive reactions to unflattering implicit racial bias feedback. In two correlational samples (one preregistered; N = 8,000) and one experiment in which the provision of bias feedback was manipulated (N = 547), we find racially biased associations and some control over these associations among White people. Nonetheless, more defensiveness to bias feedback consistently predicted weaker ability to control biased associations. We also find correlational evidence that lower levels of biased associations predict more defensiveness, but did not replicate this observation in the experimental study. These results are critical for theories of implicit attitudes, models of prejudice regulation, and strategies for antibias interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).