The type strain of the prospective 10.1601/nm.30737 sp. nov. ERR11^T, was isolated from a nodule of the leguminous tree Erythrina brucei native to Ethiopia. The type strain 10.1601/nm.1463 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DCCBAU+10071 ^T, was isolated from the nodules of Lespedeza cuneata in Beijing, China. The genomes of ERR11^T and 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DCCBAU+10071 ^T were sequenced by DOE-JGI and deposited at the DOE-JGI genome portal as well as at the European Nucleotide Archive. The genome of ERR11^T is 9,163,226 bp in length and has 102 scaffolds, containing 8548 protein-coding and 86 RNA genes. The 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DCCBAU+10071 ^T genome is arranged in 108 scaffolds and consists of 8,201,522 bp long and 7776 protein-coding and 85 RNA genes. Both genomes contain symbiotic genes, which are homologous to the genes found in the complete genome sequence of 10.1601/nm.24498 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DUSDA+110 ^T. The genes encoding for nodulation and nitrogen fixation in ERR11^T showed high sequence similarity with homologous genes found in the draft genome of peanut-nodulating 10.1601/nm.27386 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DLMG+26795 ^T. The nodulation genes nolYA-nodD2D1YABCSUIJ-nolO-nodZ of ERR11^T and 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DCCBAU+10071 ^T are organized in a similar way to the homologous genes identified in the genomes of 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DUSDA+110 ^T, 10.1601/nm.25806 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DUSDA+4 and 10.1601/nm.1462 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DCCBAU+05525. The genomes harbor hupSLCFHK and hypBFDE genes that code the expression of hydrogenase, an enzyme that helps rhizobia to uptake hydrogen released by the N₂-fixation process and genes encoding denitrification functions napEDABC and norCBQD for nitrate and nitric oxide reduction, respectively. The genome of ERR11^T also contains nosRZDFYLX genes encoding nitrous oxide reductase. Based on multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes, the novel species, which contains eight strains formed a unique group close to the 10.1601/nm.25806 branch. Genome Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) calculated between the genome sequences of ERR11^T and closely related sequences revealed that strains belonging to 10.1601/nm.25806 branch (10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DUSDA+4 and 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DCCBAU+15615), were the closest strains to the strain ERR11^T with 95.2% ANI. Type strain ERR11^T showed the highest DDH predicted value with 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DCCBAU+15615 (58.5%), followed by 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DUSDA+4 (53.1%). Nevertheless, the ANI and DDH values obtained between ERR11^T and 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DCCBAU+15615 or 10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DUSDA+4 were below the cutoff values (ANI ≥ 96.5%; DDH ≥ 70%) for strains belonging to the same species, suggesting that ERR11^T is a new species. Therefore, based on the phylogenetic analysis, ANI and DDH values, we formally propose the creation of 10.1601/nm.30737 sp. nov. with strain ERR11^T (10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DHAMBI+3532 ^T=10.1601/strainfinder?urlappend=%3Fid%3DLMG+30162 ^T) as the type strain.

The type strain SUR2 of the novel species Chryseobacterium limigenitum was isolated from a dehydrated sludge of the municipal sewage treatment plant in Dogoše near Maribor in Slovenia. The draft genome, with 60 contigs, 4,697,725bp, 34.4% of G+C content, was obtained using the Illumina HiSeq 2500-1 platform. Joint Genome Institute Microbial Genome Annotation Pipeline (MGAP v.4) has identified 4322 protein-coding sequences including resistance genes against arsenic and other heavy metals. In addition, a subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamase, which confers resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems, was also present in the genome. The genome sequence provides important information regarding bioremediation potential and pathogenic properties of this newly identified species.

Here we report the draft genome sequence of Chitinophaga costai A37T2^T (=CIP 110584^T, =LMG 27458^T), which was isolated from the endophytic community of Pinus pinaster tree. The total genome size of C. costaii A37T2^T is 5.07 Mbp, containing 4204 coding sequences. Strain A37T2^T encoded multiple genes likely involved in cellulolytic, chitinolytic and lipolytic activities. This genome showed 1145 unique genes assigned into 109 Cluster of Orthologous Groups in comparison with the complete genome of C. pinensis DSM 2588^T. The genomic information suggests the potential of the strain A37T2^T to interact with the plant metabolism. As there are only a few bacterial genomes related to Pine Wilt Disease, this work provides a contribution to the field.

Rhizobium aethiopicum sp. nov. is a newly proposed species within the genus Rhizobium. This species includes six rhizobial strains; which were isolated from root nodules of the legume plant Phaseolus vulgaris growing in soils of Ethiopia. The species fixes nitrogen effectively in symbiosis with the host plant P. vulgaris, and is composed of aerobic, Gram-negative staining, rod-shaped bacteria. The genome of type strain HBR26^T of R. aethiopicum sp. nov. was one of the rhizobial genomes sequenced as a part of the DOE JGI 2014 Genomic Encyclopedia project designed for soil and plant-associated and newly described type strains. The genome sequence is arranged in 62 scaffolds and consists of 6,557,588 bp length, with a 61% G + C content and 6221 protein-coding and 86 RNAs genes. The genome of HBR26^T contains repABC genes (plasmid replication genes) homologous to the genes found in five different Rhizobium etli CFN42^T plasmids, suggesting that HBR26^T may have five additional replicons other than the chromosome. In the genome of HBR26^T, the nodulation genes nodB, nodC, nodS, nodI, nodJ and nodD are located in the same module, and organized in a similar way as nod genes found in the genome of other known common bean-nodulating rhizobial species. nodA gene is found in a different scaffold, but it is also very similar to nodA genes of other bean-nodulating rhizobial strains. Though HBR26^T is distinct on the phylogenetic tree and based on ANI analysis (the highest value 90.2% ANI with CFN42^T) from other bean-nodulating species, these nod genes and most nitrogen-fixing genes found in the genome of HBR26^T share high identity with the corresponding genes of known bean-nodulating rhizobial species (96-100% identity). This suggests that symbiotic genes might be shared between bean-nodulating rhizobia through horizontal gene transfer. R. aethiopicum sp. nov. was grouped into the genus Rhizobium but was distinct from all recognized species of that genus by phylogenetic analyses of combined sequences of the housekeeping genes recA and glnII. The closest reference type strains for HBR26^T were R. etli CFN42^T (94% similarity of the combined recA and glnII sequences) and Rhizobium bangladeshense BLR175^T (93%). Genomic ANI calculation based on protein-coding genes also revealed that the closest reference strains were R. bangladeshense BLR175^T and R. etli CFN42^T with ANI values 91.8 and 90.2%, respectively. Nevertheless, the ANI values between HBR26^T and BLR175^T or CFN42^T are far lower than the cutoff value of ANI (> = 96%) between strains in the same species, confirming that HBR26^T belongs to a novel species. Thus, on the basis of phylogenetic, comparative genomic analyses and ANI results, we formally propose the creation of R. aethiopicum sp. nov. with strain HBR26^T (=HAMBI 3550^T=LMG 29711^T) as the type strain. The genome assembly and annotation data is deposited in the DOE JGI portal and also available at European Nucleotide Archive under accession numbers FMAJ01000001-FMAJ01000062.

The genus Polynucleobacter (family Burkholderiaceae) is phylogenetically subdivided into at least four subclusters. One of those, subcluster PnecC, was recognized as a cryptic species complex. Here we test by comparative genome analyses whether subcluster PnecD, currently solely represented by the species Polynucleobactercosmopolitanus, also represents such a cryptic species complex. The genome sequences of the two P. cosmopolitanus strains, MWH-MoIso2^T and MWH-VicM1, were determined. The latter strain was also characterized in the previous description of P. cosmopolitanus. These two strains originate from a temperate lake located in Austria and from the large tropical Lake Victoria located in East Africa, respectively. Strains MWH-MoIso2^T and MWH-VicM1 possess quite small genomes of 1.78 and 1.63 Mbp, respectively, and share similar G+C values of 44.1 and 43.1 mol%, respectively. Both strains encode only a single copy of the ribosomal operon, and their 16S rRNA genes differ only in four positions, equalling a sequence similarity of 99.74 %. Both genomes possess characteristics indicating evolutionary genome streamlining, such as high coding densities of 93.9 and 94.6 % of bases, respectively. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) comparisons of the genomes of the two strains resulted in a value of 78.4 %, suggesting that each of the strains represents a separate species. Our investigation suggests that PnecD represents an additional cryptic species complex within the genus Polynucleobacter that was not resolved by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. We propose reclassification of strain MWH-VicM1 as Polynucleobacter victoriensis sp. nov., with type strain MWH-VicM1^T(=DSM 21486^T=JCM 32005^T).

Strain AP-Melu-1000-B4 was isolated from a lake located in the mountains of the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France). Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic traits were investigated. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing referred the strain to the cryptic species complex PnecC within the genus Polynucleobacter. The strain encoded genes for biosynthesis of proteorhodopsin and retinal. When pelleted by centrifugation the strain showed an intense rose colouring. Major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 2 (C16 : 1 isoI and C14 : 0-3OH). The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene contained an indel which was not present in any previously described Polynucleobacter species. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 1.89 Mbp and a G+C content of 46.6 mol%. In order to resolve the phylogenetic position of the new strain within subcluster PnecC, its phylogeny was reconstructed from sequences of 319 shared genes. To represent all currently described Polynucleobacter species by whole genome sequences, three type strains were additionally sequenced. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AP-Melu-100-B4 occupied a basal position compared with previously described PnecC strains. Pairwise determined whole genome average nucleotide identity (gANI) values suggested that strain AP-Melu-1000-B4 represents a new species, for which we propose the name Polynucleobacter meluiroseus sp. nov. with the type strain AP-Melu-1000-B4^T (=DSM 103591^T=CIP 111329^T).

Strain 11^T was isolated from water of an artificial lake accumulating industrial wastewater on the outskirts of Celje, Slovenia. Phenotypic characterisation showed strain 11^T to be a Gram-stain positive, spore forming bacterium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identified strain 11^T as a member of the genus Paenibacillus, closely related to Paenibacillus alvei (96.2%). Genomic similarity with P. alvei 29^T was 73.1% (gANI), 70.2% (ANIb), 86.7% (ANIm) and 21.7 ± 2.3% (GGDC). The DNA G+C content of strain 11^T was determined to be 47.5%. The predominant menaquinone of strain 11^T was identified as MK-7 and the major fatty acid as anteiso-C_15:0. The peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. In contrast to its close relatives P. alvei DSM 29^T, Paenibacillus apiarius DSM 5581^T and Paenibacillus profundus NRIC 0885^T, strain 11^T was found to be able to ferment D-fructose, D-mannose and D-xylose. A draft genome of strain 11^T contains a cluster of genes associated with type IV pilin synthesis usually found in clostridia, and only sporadically in other Gram-positive bacteria. Genotypic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain 11^T presented in this study support the creation of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus aquistagni sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 11^T (=ZIM B1027^T =LMG 29561^T =CCM 8679^T ) as the type strain.

We report here the genome sequences of three Aquimarina megaterium strains isolated from the octocoral Eunicella labiata. We reveal a coding potential for versatile carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of natural products belonging to the polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, and terpene compound classes.

Background

Rosenbergiella nectarea strain 8N4^T, the type species of the genus Rosenbergiella, was isolated from Amygdalus communis (almond) floral nectar. Other strains of this species were isolated from the floral nectar of Citrus paradisi (grapefruit), Nicotiana glauca (tobacco tree) and from Asphodelus aestivus. R. nectarea strain 8N4^T is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Results

Here we describe features of this organism, together with its genome sequence and annotation. The DNA GC content is 47.38%, the assembly size is 3,294,717 bp, and the total number of genes are 3,346. The genome discloses the possible role that this species may play in the plant. The genome contains both virulence genes, like pectin lyase and hemolysin, that may harm plant cells and genes that are predicted to produce volatile compounds that may impact the visitation rates by nectar consumers, such as pollinators and nectar thieves.

Conclusions

The genome of R. nectarea strain 8N4^T reveals a mutualistic interaction with the plant host and a possible effect on plant pollination and fitness.