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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (34 results)

  • Thesis
  • Peer Reviewed
UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2013)
From the 1990s on critical musicologists have used signifyin(g) theory to create a more inclusive, critical discursive that reflects African American ideas and experiences in relation to race, gender, and sexuality as manifested in their musical practices. Because I found this theoretical paradigm incomplete, I explore Afro- pessimism social theory as a way to help explain why African-American musicians use unconventional strategies of music making to forge non-monolithic musical identities that resist hegemonic theories and practices of music. Through data analysis of music compositions, instrumental improvisations, and musician interviews, I analyze how African-American musicians express their racial imaginaries in relation to space, time, center, and periphery. Particularly vibrant data examples were found in the improvisations and compositions of pianists Andrew Hill and Stanley Cowell, trumpeter Ambrose Akinmusire, and the music videos of T-Pain
    Cover page: Crossing the bar lines : : locating 20th and 21st century strategies of musical resistance
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    Berkeley Research Impact Initiative (BRII) (2008)
    Reducing the environmental impact of supplying electricity is a key to China's sustainable development, and a focus of both domestic and international concerns with greenhouse gas emissions. The environmental performance of the electricity sector is strongly affected by its institutional arrangements: regulatory frameworks, wholesale markets, pricing mechanisms, planning and coordination, and enforcement and incentive mechanisms. These arrangements are set to change as electricity reforms inaugurated in 2002, but sidetracked by several years of supply shortages, are being resumed. In this paper we examine the impact of electricity reform on environmental sustainability by analyzing case studies of four environmental initiatives in the electricity sector: retirement of inefficient generators, installation of pollution control equipment, renewable energy development, and efforts to promote energy efficiency. We find that implementation of these policies falls short of objectives for two main underlying reasons: conflicting priorities between central and provincial governments, and ineffective regulation. Sustainability will be best served not by redoubling short-term supply-oriented, market-based reforms, but by better aligning central and provincial government incentives, and by developing competent, independent regulation at the provincial level. China's central government and sub-national governments in industrialized countries can both contribute to the latter goal.
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2014)
        Cover page: Incorporating Land-Use Requirements and Environmental Constraints in Low-Carbon Electricity Planning for California
        • Article
        Policy Papers (2000)

        The North Korean economic decline in the 1990s reveals a complex food and energy shortage problem. Inadequate energy supplies are an immediate cause of this agricultural collapse, and the energy shortage must be resolved in order to reach a sustainable recovery.

        Hayes, Von Hippel and Williams explore the origins and impacts of the rural energy shortage, and suggest that international cooperation is necessary to resolve North Korea’s energy and food crises.

          Cover page: Policy Paper 46: Fuel and Famine: Rural Energy Crisis in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          Spatial Data Science Symposium 2022 Short Paper Proceedings (2022)
          Providing recommendations for interesting and engaging leisure walking routes is a complex problem due to the subjective and personal nature of the activity. Existing work has often focused on recommending the quickest or most popular walks. However, these routes often lack detail on the contextual and experiential factors of walks and do not attempt to match the requirements with those of users. This article presents a vision of how more contextual detail can be applied to walking routes. We consider how existing analysis and spatial data mining techniques, including real-time clustering, viewshed analysis, and colocation patterns, could be used to extend a place-based understanding of leisure walking routes. By using spatial methods to extrapolate a rich platial understanding of the locations of a walk, the proposed methods in this article will support an emerging framework for curating engaging leisure walking experiences, recommending routes beyond those of the quickest or the most popular.
            Cover page: Context for Leisure Walking Routes: A Vision for a Spatial-Platial Approach
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2014)
            Chlamydia trachomatis causes a high number of sexually transmitted infections worldwide, but reproducible and precise strain typing to link partners is lacking. We evaluated multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for this purpose by detecting sequence types (STs) concordant for the ompA genotype, a single-locus typing standard. We tested samples collected during April 2000-October 2003 from members of established heterosexual partnerships (dyads) in the Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, area who self-reported being coital partners within the previous 30 days. C. trachomatis DNA from 28 dyads was tested by MLST; sequences were aligned and analyzed for ST and phylogenetic relationships. MLST detected 9 C. trachomatis STs, 4 unique to Indianapolis; STs were identical within each dyad. Thirteen unique strains were identified; 9 (32%) dyads harbored novel recombinant strains that phylogenetically clustered with strains comprising the recombinants. The high rate of novel C. trachomatis recombinants identified supports the use of MLST for transmission and strain diversity studies among at-risk populations.
              Cover page: Novel Chlamydia trachomatis strains in heterosexual sex partners, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2014)
              Chlamydia trachomatis causes a high number of sexually transmitted infections worldwide, but reproducible and precise strain typing to link partners is lacking. We evaluated multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for this purpose by detecting sequence types (STs) concordant for the ompA genotype, a single-locus typing standard. We tested samples collected during April 2000-October 2003 from members of established heterosexual partnerships (dyads) in the Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, area who self-reported being coital partners within the previous 30 days. C. trachomatis DNA from 28 dyads was tested by MLST; sequences were aligned and analyzed for ST and phylogenetic relationships. MLST detected 9 C. trachomatis STs, 4 unique to Indianapolis; STs were identical within each dyad. Thirteen unique strains were identified; 9 (32%) dyads harbored novel recombinant strains that phylogenetically clustered with strains comprising the recombinants. The high rate of novel C. trachomatis recombinants identified supports the use of MLST for transmission and strain diversity studies among at-risk populations.
                Cover page: Novel Chlamydia trachomatis Strains in Heterosexual Sex Partners, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, Volume 24, Issue 5 (2023)

                Background: There are no randomized trials comparing andexanet alfa and 4 factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) for the treatment of factor Xa inhibitor (FXa-I)-associated bleeds, and observational studies lack important patient characteristics. We pursued this study to demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring relevant patient characteristics from electronic health records. Secondarily, we explored outcomes in patients with life-threatening FXa-I associated bleeds after adjusting forthese variables.

                Methods: We conducted a multicenter, chart review of 100 consecutive adult patients with FXa-I associated intracerebral hemorrhage (50) or gastrointestinal bleeding (50) treated with andexanet alfa or 4F-PCC. We collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data including time from last factor FXa-I dose and bleed onset.

                Results: Mean (SD) age was 75 (12) years; 34% were female. Estimated time from last FXa-I dose to bleed onset was present in most cases (76%), and patients treated with andexanet alfa and 4F-PCC were similar in baseline characteristics. Hemostatic efficacy was excellent/good in 88% and 76% of patients treated with andexanet alfa and 4F-PCC, respectively (P = 0.29). Rates of thrombotic events within 90 days were 14% and 16% in andexanet alfa and 4F-PCC patients, respectively (P = 0.80). Survival to hospital discharge was 92% and 76% in andexanet alfa and 4F-PCC patients, respectively (P = 0.25). Inclusion of an exploratory propensity score and treatment in a logistic regression model resulted in an odds ratio in favor of andexanet alfa of 2.01 (95% confidence interval 0.67–6.06) for excellent/good hemostatic efficacy, although the difference was not statistically significant.

                Conclusion: Important patient characteristics are often documented supporting the feasibility of a large observational study comparing real-life outcomes in patients with FXa-I-associated bleeds treated with andexanet alfa or 4F-PCC. The small sample size in the current study precluded definitive conclusions regarding the safety and efficacy of andexanet alfa or 4F-PCC in FXa-I-associated bleeds.

                • 3 supplemental PDFs
                Cover page: Treatment of Factor-Xa Inhibitor-associated Bleeding with Andexanet Alfa or 4 Factor PCC: A Multicenter Feasibility Retrospective StudyCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2004)

                Background

                The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) tested the effect of daily beta-carotene (30 mg) and retinyl palmitate (25,000 IU) on the incidence of lung cancer, other cancers, and death in 18,314 participants who were at high risk for lung cancer because of a history of smoking or asbestos exposure. CARET was stopped ahead of schedule in January 1996 because participants who were randomly assigned to receive the active intervention were found to have a 28% increase in incidence of lung cancer, a 17% increase in incidence of death and a higher rate of cardiovascular disease mortality compared with participants in the placebo group.

                Methods

                After the intervention ended, CARET participants returned the study vitamins to their study center and provided a final blood sample. They continue to be followed annually by telephone and mail self-report. Self-reported cancer endpoints were confirmed by review of pathology reports, and death endpoints were confirmed by review of death certificates. All statistical tests were two-sided.

                Results

                With follow-up through December 31, 2001, the post-intervention relative risks of lung cancer and all-cause mortality for the active intervention group compared with the placebo group were 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97 to 1.31) and 1.08 (95% CI = 0.99 to 1.17), respectively. Smoothed relative risk curves for lung cancer incidence and all-cause mortality indicated that relative risks remained above 1.0 throughout the post-intervention follow-up. By contrast, the relative risk of cardiovascular disease mortality decreased rapidly to 1.0 after the intervention was stopped. During the post-intervention phase, females had larger relative risks of lung cancer mortality (1.33 versus 1.14; P = .36), cardiovascular disease mortality (1.44 versus 0.93; P = .03), and all-cause mortality (1.37 versus 0.98; P = .001) than males.

                Conclusions

                The previously reported adverse effects of beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate on lung cancer incidence and all-cause mortality in cigarette smokers and individuals with occupational exposure to asbestos persisted after drug administration was stopped although they are no longer statistically significant. Planned subgroup analyses suggest that the excess risks of lung cancer were restricted primarily to females, and cardiovascular disease mortality primarily to females and to former smokers.
                  Cover page: The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial: Incidence of Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality During 6-Year Follow-up After Stopping β-Carotene and Retinol SupplementsCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
                  • Article
                  • Peer Reviewed
                  UC San Diego Previously Published Works (2010)
                  Phobos Laser Ranging (PLR) is a concept for a space mission designed to advance tests of relativistic gravity in the solar system. PLR’s primary objective is to measure the curvature of space around the Sun, represented by the Eddington parameter γ, with an accuracy of two parts in 107, thereby improving today’s best result by two orders of magnitude. Other mission goals include measurements of the time-rate-of-change of the gravitational constant, G and of the gravitational inverse square law at 1.5-AU distances—with up to two orders-of-magnitude improvement for each. The science parameters will be estimated using laser ranging measurements of the distance between an Earth station and an active laser transponder on Phobos capable of reaching mm-level range resolution. A transponder on Phobos sending 0.25-mJ, 10-ps pulses at 1 kHz, and receiving asynchronous 1-kHz pulses from earth via a 12-cm aperture will permit links that even at maximum range will exceed a photon per second. A total measurement precision of 50 ps demands a few hundred photons to average to 1-mm (3.3 ps) range precision. Existing satellite laser ranging (SLR) facilities—with appropriate augmentation—may be able to participate in PLR. Since Phobos’ orbital period is about 8 h, each observatory is guaranteed visibility of the Phobos instrument every Earth day. Given the current technology readiness level, PLR could be started in 2011 for launch in 2016 for 3 yr of science operations. We discuss the PLR’s science objectives, instrument, and mission design. We also present the details of science simulations performed to support the mission’s primary objectives.
                    Cover page: Advancing tests of relativistic gravity via laser ranging to Phobos
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