A high-performance and broadband heterojunction photodetector has been successfully fabricated. The heterostructure device is based on a uniform and pinhole-free perovskite film constructed on top of a single-crystal germanium layer. The perovskite/germanium photodetector shows enhanced performance and a broad spectrum compared with the single-material-based device. The photon response properties are characterized in detail from the visible to near-infrared spectrum. At an optical fibre communication wavelength of 1550 nm, the heterojunction device exhibits the highest responsivity of 1.4 A/W. The performance is promoted because of an antireflection perovskite coating, the thickness of which is optimized to 150 nm at the telecommunication band. At a visible light wavelength of 680 nm, the device shows outstanding responsivity and detectivity of 228 A/W and 1.6 × 1010 Jones, respectively. These excellent properties arise from the photoconductive gain boost in the heterostructure device. The presented heterojunction photodetector provides a competitive approach for wide-spectrum photodetection from visible to optical communication areas. Based on the distinguished capacity of light detection and harvesting from the visible to near-infrared spectrum, the designed germanium/perovskite heterostructure configuration is believed to provide new building blocks for novel optoelectronic devices.