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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (321 results)

  • Article
  • Peer Reviewed
UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2010)

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complicated condition influenced by multiple confounding factors, making optimum patient management extremely challenging. Ethnicity, stage at diagnosis, comorbidities and tumour morphology affect outcomes and vary from region to region, and there is no common language to assess patient prognosis and make treatment recommendations. Despite recent efforts to reduce the incidence of HCC, most patients present with unresectable disease. Non-surgical treatments include ablation, transarterial chemoembolisation and the multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib, but their effects in all patient subgroups are not known and further information is needed to optimise the use of these treatments.

Aims

The Global Investigation of Therapeutic DEcisions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Of its Treatment with SorafeNib (GIDEON) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00812175; http://clinicaltrials.gov/) is an ongoing global, prospective, non-interventional study of patients with unresectable HCC who are eligible for systemic therapy and for whom the decision has been taken to treat with sorafenib under real-life practice conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sorafenib in different subgroups, especially Child-Pugh B where data are limited.

Discussion

This study will recruit 3000 patients from > 40 countries and follow them for approximately 5 years to compile a large and robust database of information that will be used to analyse local, regional and global differences in baseline characteristics, disease aetiology, treatment practice patterns and treatment outcomes, with a view to improve the knowledge base used to guide physician treatment decisions and to improve patient outcomes.
    Cover page: Design and rationale for the non‐interventional Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in hepatocellular carcinoma and Of its treatment with sorafeNib (GIDEON) study
    • Article
    LBL Publications (2008)
      Cover page: Element specific magnetic properties of Gd doped GaN: Very small polarization of Ga and paramagnetism of Gd
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2014)
      © 2014 Graham et al.We sought to determine whether cognitive function in stable outpatients with heart failure (HF) is affected by HF severity. A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from 2, 043 outpatients with systolic HF and
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        UC San Francisco Previously Published Works (2005)

        Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, and many studies have suggested that apoE has isoform-specific effects on the deposition or clearance of amyloid beta (A beta) peptides. We examined the effects of apoE isoforms on the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and on A beta production in rat neuroblastoma B103 cells stably transfected with human wild-type APP695 (B103-APP). Lipid-poor apoE4 increased A beta production in B103-APP cells to a greater extent than lipid-poor apoE3 (60% vs. 30%) due to more pronounced stimulation of APP recycling by apoE4 than apoE3. The difference in A beta production was abolished by preincubating the cells with the receptor-associated protein (25 nM), which blocks the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) pathway, or by reducing LRP expression by small interference RNA. The differences were also attenuated by replacing Arg-61 with threonine in apoE4 or pretreating apoE4 with small molecules, both of which abolish apoE4 intramolecular domain interaction. Thus, apoE4 appears to modulate APP processing and A beta production through both the LRP pathway and domain interaction. These findings provide insights into why apoE4 is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and may represent a potential target for drug development.

          Cover page: Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 enhances amyloid beta peptide production in cultured neuronal cells: ApoE structure as a potential therapeutic target
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UCLA Previously Published Works (2010)

          BACKGROUND: The hippocampus is likely involved in mood disorders, but in vivo evidence for the role of anatomically distinct hippocampal subregions is lacking. Multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is linked to a high prevalence of depression as well as hippocampal damage and may thus provide important insight into the pathologic correlates of medical depression. We examined the role of subregional hippocampal volume for depression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

          METHODS: Anatomically defined hippocampal subregional volumes (cornu ammonis 1-3 [CA1-CA3] and the dentate gyrus [CA23DG], subiculum, entorhinal cortex) were measured using a high-resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequence in 29 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 20 matched healthy control subjects. Diurnal salivary cortisol was assessed at awakening, 4 pm, and 9 pm on 2 consecutive days. Subjects also completed the Beck Depression Inventory.

          RESULTS: Multiple sclerosis patients showed smaller hippocampal volumes compared with control subjects, particularly in the CA1 and subiculum subregions. In addition, multiple sclerosis patients with depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory score >13) also showed smaller CA23DG volumes and higher cortisol levels. Within the multiple sclerosis group, CA23DG volume was correlated with depressive symptoms and cortisol levels. There were no associations with number of previous steroid treatments, global atrophy, or disease duration.

          CONCLUSIONS: This report provides in vivo evidence for selective association of smaller CA23DG subregional volumes in the hippocampus with cortisol hypersecretion and depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis.

            Cover page: Smaller cornu ammonis 2-3/dentate gyrus volumes and elevated cortisol in multiple sclerosis patients with depressive symptoms.
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            Faculty Publications (1995)

            Ice cores drilled at Vostok Station, Antarctica, and studied over the past 10 years by Russia, France, and the United States (Figure 1) are providing a wealth of information about past climate and environmental changes over more than a full glacial-interglacial cycle. The ice cores show that East Antarctica was colder and drier during glacial periods than during the Holocene and that large-scale atmospheric circulation was more vigorous during glacial times. They also support evidence from deep-sea sediment studies favoring orbital forcing of Pleistocene climate, reveal direct correlations of carbon dioxide and methane concentrations with temperature, and indicate how the accumulation of trace compounds have changed through time.

              Cover page: International Effort Helps Decipher Mysteries of Paleoclimate from Antarctic Ice CoresCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2023)
              We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave-driven energetic electron precipitation using data collected by the energetic electron detector on the Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN (ELFIN) mission, two polar-orbiting low-altitude spinning CubeSats, measuring 50-5000 keV electrons with good pitch-angle and energy resolution. EMIC wave-driven precipitation exhibits a distinct signature in energy-spectrograms of the precipitating-to-trapped flux ratio: peaks at >0.5 MeV which are abrupt (bursty) (lasting ∼17 s, or ΔL∼0.56) with significant substructure (occasionally down to sub-second timescale). We attribute the bursty nature of the precipitation to the spatial extent and structuredness of the wave field at the equator. Multiple ELFIN passes over the same MLT sector allow us to study the spatial and temporal evolution of the EMIC wave - electron interaction region. Case studies employing conjugate ground-based or equatorial observations of the EMIC waves reveal that the energy of moderate and strong precipitation at ELFIN approximately agrees with theoretical expectations for cyclotron resonant interactions in a cold plasma. Using multiple years of ELFIN data uniformly distributed in local time, we assemble a statistical database of ∼50 events of strong EMIC wave-driven precipitation. Most reside at L∼5-7 at dusk, while a smaller subset exists at L∼8-12 at post-midnight. The energies of the peak-precipitation ratio and of the half-peak precipitation ratio (our proxy for the minimum resonance energy) exhibit an L-shell dependence in good agreement with theoretical estimates based on prior statistical observations of EMIC wave power spectra. The precipitation ratio's spectral shape for the most intense events has an exponential falloff away from the peak (i.e., on either side of ∼1.45 MeV). It too agrees well with quasi-linear diffusion theory based on prior statistics of wave spectra. It should be noted though that this diffusive treatment likely includes effects from nonlinear resonant interactions (especially at high energies) and nonresonant effects from sharp wave packet edges (at low energies). Sub-MeV electron precipitation observed concurrently with strong EMIC wave-driven >1 MeV precipitation has a spectral shape that is consistent with efficient pitch-angle scattering down to ∼ 200-300 keV by much less intense higher frequency EMIC waves at dusk (where such waves are most frequent). At ∼100 keV, whistler-mode chorus may be implicated in concurrent precipitation. These results confirm the critical role of EMIC waves in driving relativistic electron losses. Nonlinear effects may abound and require further investigation.
                Cover page: Energetic Electron Precipitation Driven by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves from ELFIN's Low Altitude Perspective.
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2005)
                We describe searches for B meson decays to the charmless vector-vector final states ωK* and ωρ in 89 × 106 BB̄ pairs produced in e+e- annihilation at √s = 10.58 GeV. We measure the following branching fractions in units of 10 -6: B(B0 → ωK*0) = 3.4 -1.6+1.8 ± 0.4(<6.0), B(B+ → ωK*+) = 3.5-2.0+2.5 ± 0.7(<7.4), B(B0 → ωρ0) = 0.6 -1.1+1.3 ± 0.4(<3.3), and B(B+ → ωρ+) = 12.6-3.3+3.7 ± 1.6. The first error quoted is statistical, the second systematic, and the upper limits are defined at 90% confidence level. For B+ → ωρ+ we also measure the longitudinal spin alignment fraction fL = 0.88-0.15+0.12 ± 0.03 and charge asymmetry Ach = (5 ± 26 ± 2)%. © 2005 The American Physical Society.
                  Cover page: Measurements of B meson decays to ωK* and ωρCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
                  • Article
                  • Peer Reviewed
                  UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2006)
                  We search for B0 meson decays into two-body combinations of K0, η, η′, and mesons in 324×106 BB̄ pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC. We measure the following branching fractions (upper limits at 90% confidence level) in units of 10-6: B(B0→ηK0)=1.8-0.6+0.7±0.1(<2.9), B(B0→ηη)=1.1-0.4+0.5±0.1(<1.8), B(B0→η)=0. 1±0.2±0.1(<0.6), B(B0→η′)=0.2-0.3+0.4±0. 1(<1.0), and B(B0→η′η′)=1.0-0.6+0.8±0. 1(<2.4), where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. © 2006 The American Physical Society.
                    Cover page: Searches for B0 decays to ηK0, ηη, η′η′, ηϕ, and η′ϕCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
                    • Article
                    • Peer Reviewed
                    UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2004)
                    We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating (CPV) asymmetries in B0-->K(0)(S)pi(0) decays based on 124x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-->BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. In a sample containing 122+/-16 signal decays, we obtain the magnitudes of the direct CPV asymmetry CK(0)(S)(pi(0))=0.40(+0.27)(-0.28)+/-0.09 and of the CPV asymmetry in the interference between mixing and decay SK(0)(S)(pi(0))=0.48(+0.38)(-0.47)+/-0.06 where the first error is statistical and the second systematic.
                      Cover page: Measurements of CP-Violating Asymmetries in B0→Ks0π0 DecaysCreative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license
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