Ideally, public transit, by moving more people using fewer vehicles, serves as a backbone of a transportation system. However, most transit systems in the United States suffer from low ridership and high operating costs, thus they provide a significantly compromised mobility service to the transportation system users. Under current transit system design principles, such as service area requirements, inefficiencies in resource use are almost inevitable. Given the opportunities brought by new mobile technology and the environment of mobility as a service, current transit system design principles need to be reevaluated and redefined to enable transit to serve as a backbone in the transportation system. In this seed-grant project, the researchers evaluated whether building an integrated multimodal public transportation system via reallocation of transit resources is financially feasible and environmentally sustainable. They also conducted an in-depth review of related literature and discussed other concerns regarding an integrated system. Based on the results from the case study and review of other recent studies, the authors draw an optimistic conclusion about an integrated service system where public and private mobility service providers coexist.
