UC San Diego

A modified co-precipitation method is introduced to synthesize P2-type Na0.67Fe1/4Mn3/4O2 cathode for low-cost Na-ion batteries. The meso-structure of the obtained material is well controlled through regulated cooling after a high temperature calcination process. The material via slow-cooling consists of sphere-like secondary particles with a uniform dispersion while the quenched material exhibits a hexagonal plate-like primary particle without meso-structure. Meso-structure is found to have a distinct effect upon the electrochemical performance of P2-type layered cathode. The slow-cooled sample exhibits a larger capacity and improved cyclability compared with the quenched sample, which is attributed to the larger surface area, reduced surface contamination, and surprisingly higher transition metal redox activity. This work demonstrates that cooling rate plays the key role in controlling the formation of spherical meso-structure for sodium iron-manganese oxides with enhanced electrochemical performance.