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On the Fault Line: Political Violence at Campo Fiesta and National Reform in Indian Policy

Abstract

When federally appointed Indian Agency policemen, reinforced by county sheriffs, arrested two Indians suspected of selling alcohol at the Campo Reservation fiesta in San Diego County in 1927, the Mission Indian Federation (MIF) police protested and freed the prisoners. This sparked a violent confrontation, during which the Campo MIF captain and judge were killed. The causes for the political violence are situated in the disagreements between the MIF and the Office of Indian Affairs over jurisdictional questions. It is argued that the confrontation had an important impact on national Indian policy.

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