UCLA

313 Background: Advanced molecular PET/CT (mPET) studies are increasingly being utilized in conjunction with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) to evaluate the burden of radiorecurrent disease in men who develop a biochemical recurrence following definitive radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa). However, radiographic concordance with pathologic confirmation of radiorecurrent disease in this setting is poorly described. We sought to conduct a patient-level analysis comparing concordance of radiographic and pathologic findings between mpMRI and mPET. Methods: Men who had previously undergone definitive RT for PCa and subsequently experienced treatment failure defined by the Phoenix definition were enrolled in a prospective registry study wherein radiographically identified local PCa recurrences were biopsied using mpMRI or mPET fusion (Artemis) with real-time ultrasound. Prior to biopsy, men underwent diagnostic imaging with mpMRI, advanced mPET (68Ga-PSMA-11 or 18F-FACBC), or both in order to identify a biopsy target. At least one imaging modality had to reveal a recurrent lesion based on PIRADS or PROMISE imaging classifications in order to prompt biopsy. Radiographic and pathologic findings were classified as either “treatment effect” or “recurrent disease”. Using biopsy as the reference standard, positive predictive value (PPV) was evaluated for mpMRI and mPET modalities separately. Results: Of 28 patients with radiographic recurrence on mpMRI or mPET, 10/28 (35.7%) exhibited treatment effect without evidence of active cancer on biopsy confirmation. Prostate adenocarcinoma was identified in 17/28 patient biopsies, whereas small cell prostate cancer was present in 1 patient. All 28 men underwent mpMRI prior to biopsy and 23/28 (82.1%) additionally underwent mPET; 19/23 (82.6%) underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 4/23 (17.4%) were imaged with 18F-FACBC. Concordance in the assessment of recurrent disease between mpMRI and mPET was achieved in 12/23 (52.2%) men who underwent both imaging modalities. Among the 28 men who underwent mpMRI, PPV was 0.84, whereas PPV for the 23 men who underwent mPET was 0.70. Conclusions: In patients for whom clinical suspicion of radiorecurrence was high enough to warrant a biopsy, pre-biopsy mpMRI outperforms mPET in terms of PPV for detecting pathologically confirmed locally radiorecurrent PCa. Used in tandem, mpMRI and mPET might better select appropriate candidates for biopsy than either radiographic modality alone. While advanced mPET remains promising for detecting distant recurrences at the time of RT failure, biopsy confirmation following radiographic detection of local radiorecurrence remains essential for evaluating the true burden of local recurrence.