UC San Diego

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have multiple prominent roles in CNS function but their excessive or insufficient activity contributes to neuropathological/psychiatric disorders. Consequently, a variety of positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs, respectively) have recently been developed. Although these modulators bind to extracellular domains, in the present report we find that the NMDAR's intracellular C-terminal domains (CTDs) significantly influence PAM/NAM activity. GluN2 CTD deletion robustly affected NAM and PAM activity with both enhancing and inhibiting effects that were compound-specific and NMDAR subunit-specific. In three cases, individual PAMs became NAMs at specific GluN2-truncated receptors. In contrast to GluN2, GluN1 CTD removal only reduced PAM activity of UBP684 and CIQ, and did not affect NAM activity. Consistent with these findings, agents altering phosphorylation state or intracellular calcium levels displayed receptor-specific and compound-specific effects on PAM activity. It is possible that the GluN2's M4 domain transmits intracellular modulatory signals from the CTD to the M1/M4 channel gating machinery and that this site is a point of convergence in the direct or indirect actions of several PAMs/NAMs thus rendering them sensitive to CTD status. Thus, allosteric modulators are likely to have a marked and varied sensitivity to post-translational modifications, protein-protein associations, and intracellular ions. The interaction between PAM activity and NMDAR CTDs appears reciprocal. GluN1 CTD-deletion eliminated UBP684, but not pregnenolone sulfate (PS), PAM activity. And, in the absence of agonists, UBP684, but not PS, was able to promote movement of fluorescently-tagged GluN1-CTDs. Thus, it may be possible to pharmacologically target NMDAR metabotropic activity in the absence of channel activation.