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Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study
- Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N;
- Karakatsoulis, Grigorios;
- Abraham, Seri;
- Adorjan, Kristina;
- Ahmed, Helal Uddin;
- Alarcón, Renato D;
- Arai, Kiyomi;
- Auwal, Sani Salihu;
- Berk, Michael;
- Bjedov, Sarah;
- Bobes, Julio;
- Bobes-Bascaran, Teresa;
- Bourgin-Duchesnay, Julie;
- Bredicean, Cristina Ana;
- Bukelskis, Laurynas;
- Burkadze, Akaki;
- Abud, Indira Indiana Cabrera;
- Castilla-Puentes, Ruby;
- Cetkovich, Marcelo;
- Colon-Rivera, Hector;
- Corral, Ricardo;
- Cortez-Vergara, Carla;
- Crepin, Piirika;
- De Berardis, Domenico;
- Zamora Delgado, Sergio;
- De Lucena, David;
- De Sousa, Avinash;
- Stefano, Ramona Di;
- Dodd, Seetal;
- Elek, Livia Priyanka;
- Elissa, Anna;
- Erdelyi-Hamza, Berta;
- Erzin, Gamze;
- Etchevers, Martin J;
- Falkai, Peter;
- Farcas, Adriana;
- Fedotov, Ilya;
- Filatova, Viktoriia;
- Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K;
- Frankova, Iryna;
- Franza, Francesco;
- Frias, Pedro;
- Galako, Tatiana;
- Garay, Cristian J;
- Garcia-Álvarez, Leticia;
- García-Portilla, Maria Paz;
- Gonda, Xenia;
- Gondek, Tomasz M;
- González, Daniela Morera;
- Gould, Hilary;
- Grandinetti, Paolo;
- Grau, Arturo;
- Groudeva, Violeta;
- Hagin, Michal;
- Harada, Takayuki;
- Hasan, M Tasdik;
- Hashim, Nurul Azreen;
- Hilbig, Jan;
- Hossain, Sahadat;
- Iakimova, Rossitza;
- Ibrahim, Mona;
- Iftene, Felicia;
- Ignatenko, Yulia;
- Irarrazaval, Matias;
- Ismail, Zaliha;
- Ismayilova, Jamila;
- Jacobs, Asaf;
- Jakovljević, Miro;
- Jakšić, Nenad;
- Javed, Afzal;
- Kafali, Helin Yilmaz;
- Karia, Sagar;
- Kazakova, Olga;
- Khalifa, Doaa;
- Khaustova, Olena;
- Koh, Steve;
- Kopishinskaia, Svetlana;
- Kosenko, Korneliia;
- Koupidis, Sotirios A;
- Kovacs, Illes;
- Kulig, Barbara;
- Lalljee, Alisha;
- Liewig, Justine;
- Majid, Abdul;
- Malashonkova, Evgeniia;
- Malik, Khamelia;
- Malik, Najma Iqbal;
- Mammadzada, Gulay;
- Mandalia, Bilvesh;
- Marazziti, Donatella;
- Marčinko, Darko;
- Martinez, Stephanie;
- Matiekus, Eimantas;
- Mejia, Gabriela;
- Memon, Roha Saeed;
- Martínez, Xarah Elenne Meza;
- Mickevičiūtė, Dalia;
- Milev, Roumen;
- Mohammed, Muftau;
- Molina-López, Alejandro;
- Morozov, Petr;
- Muhammad, Nuru Suleiman;
- Mustač, Filip;
- Naor, Mika S;
- Nassieb, Amira;
- Navickas, Alvydas;
- Okasha, Tarek;
- Pandova, Milena;
- Panfil, Anca-Livia;
- Panteleeva, Liliya;
- Papava, Ion;
- Patsali, Mikaella E;
- Pavlichenko, Alexey;
- Pejuskovic, Bojana;
- Pinto Da Costa, Mariana;
- Popkov, Mikhail;
- Popovic, Dina;
- Raduan, Nor Jannah Nasution;
- Ramírez, Francisca Vargas;
- Rancans, Elmars;
- Razali, Salmi;
- Rebok, Federico;
- Rewekant, Anna;
- Flores, Elena Ninoska Reyes;
- Rivera-Encinas, María Teresa;
- Saiz, Pilar;
- de Carmona, Manuel Sánchez;
- Martínez, David Saucedo;
- Saw, Jo Anne;
- Saygili, Görkem;
- Schneidereit, Patricia;
- Shah, Bhumika;
- Shirasaka, Tomohiro;
- Silagadze, Ketevan;
- Sitanggang, Satti;
- Skugarevsky, Oleg;
- Spikina, Anna;
- Mahalingappa, Sridevi Sira;
- Stoyanova, Maria;
- Szczegielniak, Anna;
- Tamasan, Simona Claudia;
- Tavormina, Giuseppe;
- Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria;
- Theodorakis, Pavlos N;
- Tohen, Mauricio;
- Tsapakis, Eva Maria;
- Tukhvatullina, Dina;
- Ullah, Irfan;
- Vaidya, Ratnaraj;
- Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann M;
- Vrublevska, Jelena;
- Vukovic, Olivera;
- Vysotska, Olga;
- Widiasih, Natalia;
- Yashikhina, Anna;
- Prezerakos, Panagiotis E;
- Smirnova, Daria
Published Web Location
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.004Abstract
Introduction
There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study.Material and methods
During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively.Statistical analysis
Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables.Results
Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed.Conclusions
The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them.Many UC-authored scholarly publications are freely available on this site because of the UC's open access policies. Let us know how this access is important for you.
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