Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society

Pezzulo (2008, 2011) and Grush (2004) contend for embodied cognitive science but interpret representations of motor behaviors as grounded on predictive internal models; those representations are referring-based. By contrast, the present paper contends that the motor control is ground on both referring-based representation (as manifest in forward models) and non-referring-based representation (as manifest in inverse models); the latter is pragmatic representation with the following six characteristics: perspective, changing perspectives, normativity of the goal, planning, coordination, and motor learning by refining inverse models. This is an internal version of the action-oriented representation.