UCSF

Objectives

To review the proposed mechanisms of cognitive changes associated with non-central nervous system cancers and cancer treatment.

Data sources

Review and synthesis of databased publications and review articles.

Conclusion

Proposed mechanisms include cytokine upregulation, hormonal changes, neurotransmitter dysregulation, attentional fatigue, genetic predisposition, and comorbid symptoms.

Implications for nursing practice

Oncology nurses need to understand the multiple mechanisms that may contribute to the development of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive changes so that they can identify patients at high risk and help patients understand why these changes occur.