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Sex differences in dementia risk and risk factors: Individual-participant data analysis using 21 cohorts across six continents from the COSMIC consortium.
- Gong, Jessica;
- Harris, Katie;
- Lipnicki, Darren;
- Castro-Costa, Erico;
- Lima-Costa, Maria;
- Diniz, Breno;
- Xiao, Shifu;
- Lipton, Richard;
- Katz, Mindy;
- Wang, Cuiling;
- Preux, Pierre-Marie;
- Guerchet, Maëlenn;
- Gbessemehlan, Antoine;
- Ritchie, Karen;
- Ancelin, Marie-Laure;
- Skoog, Ingmar;
- Najar, Jenna;
- Sterner, Therese;
- Scarmeas, Nikolaos;
- Yannakoulia, Mary;
- Kosmidis, Mary;
- Guaita, Antonio;
- Rolandi, Elena;
- Davin, Annalisa;
- Gureje, Oye;
- Trompet, Stella;
- Gussekloo, Jacobijn;
- Riedel-Heller, Steffi;
- Pabst, Alexander;
- Röhr, Susanne;
- Shahar, Suzana;
- Singh, Devinder;
- Rivan, Nurul;
- Boxtel, Martin;
- Köhler, Sebastian;
- Ganguli, Mary;
- Chang, Chung-Chou;
- Jacobsen, Erin;
- Ding, Ding;
- Zhao, Qianhua;
- Xiao, Zhenxu;
- Narazaki, Kenji;
- Chen, Tao;
- Chen, Sanmei;
- Ng, Tze;
- Gwee, Xinyi;
- Numbers, Katya;
- Mather, Karen;
- Scazufca, Marcia;
- Lobo, Antonio;
- De-la-Cámara, Concepción;
- Lobo, Elena;
- Sachdev, Perminder;
- Brodaty, Henry;
- Hackett, Maree;
- Peters, Sanne;
- Woodward, Mark;
- Haan, Mary
- et al.
Published Web Location
https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12962Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Sex differences in dementia risk, and risk factor (RF) associations with dementia, remain uncertain across diverse ethno-regional groups. METHODS: A total of 29,850 participants (58% women) from 21 cohorts across six continents were included in an individual participant data meta-analysis. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), and women-to-men ratio of hazard ratios (RHRs) for associations between RFs and all-cause dementia were derived from mixed-effect Cox models. RESULTS: Incident dementia occurred in 2089 (66% women) participants over 4.6 years (median). Women had higher dementia risk (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]) than men, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income economies. Associations between longer education and former alcohol use with dementia risk (RHR, 1.01 [1.00, 1.03] per year, and 0.55 [0.38, 0.79], respectively) were stronger for men than women; otherwise, there were no discernible sex differences in other RFs. DISCUSSION: Dementia risk was higher in women than men, with possible variations by country-level income settings, but most RFs appear to work similarly in women and men.
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