International Journal of Comparative Psychology

This paper provides a theoretical exploration of how comparative research on the expression of emotions has traditionally focused on the visual mode and argues that, given the neurophysiological, developmental, and behavioral evidence that links touch with social interactions, focusing on touch can become an ideal mode to understand the communication of emotions in human and non-human primates. This evidence shows that touch is intrinsically linked with social cognition because it motivates human and non-human animals, from birth, to form social bonds. It will be shown that touch is one of the modes of interaction used by the mother-infant or caregiver-infant dyad that facilitates the expression of emotions by the infant (and later the expression of emotions by the adult that the infant has become) in ways that are understood by other members of the group.