UC Santa Barbara

We previously reported that commercially-sourced C57BL/6J (B6) male mice with a history of adult-onset binge-drinking exhibit anxiety-like behavior in early withdrawal, while the negative affective state incubates during protracted withdrawal in adolescent-onset binge-drinking males. As the results of such studies are potentially confounded by age-related differences in reactivity to environmental stress, we employed a 2-bottle-choice DID procedure (20 and 40% alcohol; 20 min habituation to the drinking cage) to examine the effects of binge-drinking on negative affect in male and female, adult and adolescent, B6 mice from our university colony. Unexpectedly, the mice in the initial experiment exhibited very low alcohol intake, with little sign of withdrawal-induced negative affect. This failure to replicate prompted us to examine how the duration of drinking cage habituation, the number of alcohol concentrations presented and the animal source might influence the propensity to binge-drink. Herein, we show that both male and female adult mice from our colony will binge-drink when allowed 45 min to habituate to the drinking cages, irrespective of whether mice are offered a choice between 2, 3 or 4 alcohol concentrations. Further, when drinking under 4-bottle-choice procedures (5, 10, 20 and 40% alcohol), adult-onset binge-drinking females exhibit robust negative affect in early withdrawal akin to that reported previously for adult males; however, the negative affective state persists for at least 30 days into withdrawal. Also unlike males, adolescent-onset binge-drinking females exhibit some signs of negative affect, as well as potentiated alcohol intake, in early withdrawal, which persist into later withdrawal. These latter data suggest that the age-related differences in the temporal patterning of the negative affective state produced by alcohol withdrawal may vary as a function of sex, which may have implications for understanding sex differences in the etiology of affective disorders and alcoholism co-morbidity.