California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE)

This white paper focuses on how climate change-induced effects on weather will translate into changes in wildland fire severity and outcomes, particularly on the effectiveness of initial attack at limiting the area burned in contained fires and the number of fires that escape initial attack. Prior research has indicated that there is a potential for significant increases in the number of fires escaping initial attack, particularly in areas in which the fuel matrix is dominated by grass and brush. These results were driven primarily by predicted increases in wind speeds. Those findings, however, were derived using less sophisticated models of initial attack than currently available. The results of this study, using more sophisticated models and climate projections, indicate that subtle shifts in fire behavior of the sort that might be induced by the climate changes anticipated for the next century are of sufficient magnitude to generate an appreciable increase in the number of fires that escape initial attack, at least for areas where brush fuels dominate. Such escapes of considerable importance in wildland fire protection planning, given the high cost to society of a catastrophic escape like those experienced in recent decades in the BerkeleyOakland, Santa Barbara, San Diego, or Los Angeles areas. However, at least for the limited region in the Sierra Nevada considered in this study, it would appear that relatively modest augmentations to existing firefighting resources would be sufficient to compensate for changeinduced changes in wildland fire outcomes. Generalizing our findings with respect to wildland fire intensity and outcomes for the AmadorEl Dorado Unit to other private lands in the state will require both further analysis using the data for that CDF unit, and replication of this analysis using data for several other units and for the state’s federal forest lands. No attempt is made in this paper to extrapolate the results beyond the boundaries of the study area, in part because of necessary work that was identified with respect to further validation of this study’s modeling approach.