UC Davis

The objective of this study was to investigate supplementation of botanical blends (BB) comprised of 0.3% capsicum oleoresin and 12% garlic oil on gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles in serum and ileal mucosa of Escherichia coli infected pigs. Sixty weaned pigs were assigned to one of five treatments: negative control (CON-), positive control (CON+), dietary supplementation of 100 ppm BB1, 50 or 100 ppm BB2. All pigs, except CON-, were orally inoculated with 10¹⁰ CFU F18 ETEC/3-mL dose for 3 consecutive days after 7 d adaption. Feces, ileal digesta and cecal content were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Serum and ileal mucosa underwent primary metabolomics analysis. Supplementing 100 ppm BB1 increased (p < 0.05) relative abundances of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia-Shigella in ileum, and the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Prevotellaceae in cecum than CON+ on d 5 post-inoculation (PI). Supplementing 100 ppm BB2 upregulated serum pinitol on d 4 PI and serum cholesterol and aminomalonic acids on d 21 PI, while supplementing 50 ppm BB2 reduced asparagine in ileal mucosa on d 5 PI than CON+. Supplementation with botanical blends modulated ileal and cecal microbiota and serum metabolomics profiles in weaned pigs under Escherichia coli challenge.