UC Riverside

Although the Standard Model has been a successful description of observedparticles and interactions, there exist open questions and observations which motivate physics beyond its framework. Of particular importance are the need for new particles and interactions to explain the origins of the observed baryon asymmetry, the nature of dark matter, and generation of neutrino mass. This work is motivated by the coincidental similarity between the baryon asymmetry and abundance of dark matter which, when taken together with their mysterious origins, constitutes a cosmological triple puzzle. In this thesis, unique mecha- nisms which propose new interactions and symmetries between quarks and dark matter candidates are used to unambiguously address this triple puzzle. These models predict interesting experimental signatures such as induced proton de- cay. Additionally, new frameworks which generate neutrino masses such as gauged $U(1)_{B-L}$ and Dirac leptogenesis, utilize new interactions for neutrinos which would lead to additional, measurable contributions to $N_\text{eff}$ and $\sum m_\nu$ Motivated by these imprints, this thesis also includes a new mechanism to test the Dirac nature of the neutrino by correlating variables used by cosmological and terrestrial probes.