UC Davis

A series of food grade particles were characterized for their potential as fillers in myofibrillar gels. The fillers were separated into (i) hydrophilic, insoluble, crystalline particles and (ii) starch granules. The particles used were microcrystalline cellulose, oat fiber and walnut shell flour, as well as potato and tapioca starches. Crystalline particles increased hardness and decreased recovery properties. Although all of these fillers decreased the T2 relaxation time of water, this was dependent on particle type and size. An increase in gel strength was observed with increasing filler content, which was attributed to particle crowding. Native potato starch was the most efficient at increasing liquid retention, while native tapioca was the least effective. Gel strength increased significantly only for the native potato and modified tapioca starches, but no effect on recovery attributes were observed for any of the starch varieties. The potato starches became swollen and hydrated to a similar extent during the protein gelation process, while the native tapioca starch gelatinized at higher temperatures, and the modified tapioca showed little evidence of swelling. T2 relaxometry supported this finding, as the meat batters containing native potato starch displayed two water populations, while the remaining starches displayed only a single population.