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Separate ON and OFF pathways in vertebrate vision first arose during the Cambrian

Abstract

Ellis et al. show that retinal ON and OFF bipolar cells, and the novel metabotropic glutamate receptors of ON bipolar-cell dendrites, are both present in lamprey. They conclude that the fundamental organizing principle of separate ON and OFF pathways first appeared in the vertebrate visual system over 500 million years ago in the late Cambrian.

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