UC Irvine

Since Lambert and Sharma published the competitive analysis framework, which consists of the Performance Evaluation Matrix (PEM) and the Competitive Position Matrix (CPM), in 1990, this framework has been widely used in the service industries. However, some researchers argue that these approaches have limitations because of the subjective nature of the survey-oriented approach. This study revises the analytical framework by incorporating expert elicitation and secondary data from various public sources, which are more objective and publicly available. Using the Port of Los Angeles as an example, this study analyzes its competitive position and evaluates investment priorities to enhance competitiveness. Results show that the Port of LA has competitive strengths in operational efficiency and nautical accessibility, and investments are required to expand capacity and improve regional freight connections. This updated approach allows researchers and practitioners to evaluate competitiveness across entities, such as ports, cities, and countries.