UC Davis

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has emerged as an alternative to Portland cement (PC) concrete in recent decades, with recent drivers for its use being tied to its potential environmental sustainability benefits and comparable performance. However, many aspects influencing its implementation are yet to be fully addressed. This work presents a systematic review of the literature to address unique drivers in the material performance of GPC and the role of current standardization methods in utilizing this class of materials in construction practice. The review highlights common GPC constituents and addresses how variations in the properties or proportioning of these constituents influence GPC performance characteristics and constructability. Notably, the performance of GPC is shown to be highly influenced by mixture parameters across many mechanical, durability, and constructability metrics, a key consideration for the application of this class of materials. Further, standardized test methods for GPC in selected regions are addressed, and the suitability of testing procedures outlined in the American Concrete Institute (ACI), ASTM International, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and other relevant specifications for assessing GPC is presented. The findings of this review highlight the need for developing non-prescriptive testing procedures for GPC and the adoption of specifications that have flexibility for alternatives to conventional PC concrete.