UC Riverside

Previous studies have demonstrated that people trade off between expending motor effort and memorization effort when completing a copying task that requires looking in different directions to gather information. When information is easy to gather with minimal movement, people choose to look more frequently and rely on less on memorization, however, they reduce motor effort and rely on memory more when looking requires larger (and more effortful) shifts of gaze. This paper investigated the eye-head-body movements that guided looking as well as participants’ trade-off between using motor effort and memory in a copying task. We add to prior work by characterizing the coordination between eyes, head, and body required to look at targets at different angles. In the task, participants copied models onto a board while wearing a mobile eye tracker that measured eye rotations and motion sensors that measured head rotations. We manipulated the angle of the model relative to the participant and the memorization difficulty of the models. Results showed that eye movements contributed more to small gaze shifts but the head and body contributed more as the angle of the target increased (requiring larger amplitude shifts of gaze). Participants chose to look frequently when models were adjacent to the workspace, but chose to rely more on memory for models that required greater shifts of gaze. Memorization difficulty affected the trade-off such that participants used more memory when the models were easy to remember. We discuss how participants’ decisions to look versus remember may depend on the contribution of eyes, head, and body to shift gaze by varying amplitudes.