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Twenty-four-hour subjective and pharmacological effects of ad-libitum electronic and combustible cigarette use among dual users.
Published Web Location
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7255919/No data is associated with this publication.
Abstract
Background and aims
Relative pharmacological effects of e-cigarettes and cigarettes during 24 hours of ad-libitum use have not been described. In this study, 24-hour blood plasma nicotine concentrations and 48-hour subjective effects with use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes were measured among dual users.Design
Two-arm within-subject cross-over design with preferred e-cigarette or cigarette ad-libitum use over 48 hours.Setting
Hospital research ward in San Francisco, California, USA.Participants
Thirty-six healthy dual users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes (n = 8, 25% females).Measurements
Twenty-four-hour blood plasma nicotine and cotinine concentrations and 48-hour self-reported nicotine withdrawal symptoms and rewarding effects.Findings
Analyses used analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based mixed models with order of product (e-cigarette or cigarette) and product type (combustible cigarette or type of e-cigarette) as fixed effects, and subject as a repeated effect. During a 24-hour period, e-cigarettes produced lower nicotine exposure than cigarettes for the majority of users, although 25% received more nicotine from e-cigarettes, which was predicted by more frequent e-cigarette use or greater dependence. Compared to cigarette smoking, nicotine exposure for variable-power tank users was similar, while cig-a-like (t(30) = 2.71, P = 0.011, d = 0.745) and fixed-power tank users (t(30) = 3.37, P = 0.002, d = 0.993) were exposed to less nicotine. Cigarettes were rated higher than e-cigarettes on some desirable subjective effects (e.g. psychological reward, t(322) = 7.24 P < 0.001, d = 0.432), but withdrawal symptom reduction was comparable. No differences were found between e-cigarette types, but Bayes factors indicate that these measures were insensitive.Conclusions
During a 24-hour period in a hospital setting in the United States, nicotine exposure for dual users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes was similar when using cigarettes or variable-power tank devices only but was lower for those using cig-a-like or fixed-power devices only. Despite lower nicotine levels, all types of e-cigarette were effective in preventing withdrawal symptoms. E-cigarettes were rated less rewarding than cigarettes.Many UC-authored scholarly publications are freely available on this site because of the UC's open access policies. Let us know how this access is important for you.