This dissertation examines how managerial labor markets and organizational structures shape firm strategies and outcomes. Chapter 1 focuses on the firm’s decision to hire a CEO from within or outside the company and suggests a different way to approach the CEO selection process in multi-unit firms. Chapter 2 investigates the post-merger and acquisition (post-M&A) retention strategies of target managers and how their structural knowledge plays a role in such decisions. Chapter 3 examines internal organizational structures as barriers to the promotion of women managers.