In this study we investigate the effect of modeling type and
reflection on the acquisition of dart-throwing skills, self-
efficacy beliefs and self-reaction scores by replicating a study
by Kitsantas, Zimmerman, and Cleary (2000). Participants
observing a coping model were expected to surpass
participants observing a mastery model who in turn were
expected to outperform participants who learned without a
model. Reflection was hypothesized to have a positive effect.
Ninety undergraduate students were tested three times on
dart-throwing skills, self-efficacy beliefs, and self-reaction
scores. Contrary to what was expected, we found no main
effects of modeling type and reflection. No interaction effects
were found either. There was an effect of trial, indicating that
participants improved dart-throwing skills, self-efficacy
beliefs, and self-reaction scores over time. Furthermore, self-
efficacy beliefs and dart-throwing skill were highly
correlated. Our results suggest that learners do not benefit
from observing a model and reflecting, but practice makes
perfect.