- Koehler, Philipp;
- Bassetti, Matteo;
- Chakrabarti, Arunaloke;
- Chen, Sharon CA;
- Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes;
- Hoenigl, Martin;
- Klimko, Nikolay;
- Lass-Flörl, Cornelia;
- Oladele, Rita O;
- Vinh, Donald C;
- Zhu, Li-Ping;
- Böll, Boris;
- Brüggemann, Roger;
- Gangneux, Jean-Pierre;
- Perfect, John R;
- Patterson, Thomas F;
- Persigehl, Thorsten;
- Meis, Jacques F;
- Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis;
- White, P Lewis;
- Verweij, Paul E;
- Cornely, Oliver A;
- Mycology, European Confederation of Medical;
- Mycology, the International Society for Human Animal;
- Group, the Asia Fungal Working;
- Group, the INFOCUS LATAM ISHAM Working;
- Group, the ISHAM Pan Africa Mycology Working;
- Microbiology, the European Society for Clinical;
- Group, Infectious Diseases Fungal Infection Study;
- Patients, the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill;
- Chemotherapy, the Interregional Association of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial;
- Society of Nigeria, the Medical Mycology;
- Association, the Medical Mycology Society of China Medicine Education;
- Oncology, Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for Haematology and Medical;
- Microbiology, Association of Medical;
- Canada, Infectious Disease
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes direct damage to the airway epithelium, enabling aspergillus invasion. Reports of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis have raised concerns about it worsening the disease course of COVID-19 and increasing mortality. Additionally, the first cases of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant aspergillus have been reported. This article constitutes a consensus statement on defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, prepared by experts and endorsed by medical mycology societies. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is proposed to be defined as possible, probable, or proven on the basis of sample validity and thus diagnostic certainty. Recommended first-line therapy is either voriconazole or isavuconazole. If azole resistance is a concern, then liposomal amphotericin B is the drug of choice. Our aim is to provide definitions for clinical research and up-to-date recommendations for clinical management of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.