Previous research on acquisition of noun class systems, such as
grammatical gender, has shown that child learners rely dispro-
portionately on phonological cues to class, even when compet-
ing semantic cues are more reliable. Culbertson, Gagliardi, and
Smith (2017) use artificial language learning experiments with
adults to argue that over-reliance on phonology may be due
to the fact that phonological cues are available first; learners
base early representations on surface phonological dependen-
cies, only later integrating semantic cues from noun meanings.
Here, we show that child learners (6-7 year-olds) show this
same sensitivity to early availability. However, we also find
intriguing evidence of developmental changes in sensitivity to
semantics; when both cues are simultaneously available chil-
dren are more likely to rely on a phonology cue than adults.
Our results suggest that early availability and a bias in favor
of phonological cues may both contribute to children’s over-
reliance on phonology in natural language acquisition.