Mental health concerns are rising among adolescents and have intensified since the COVID-19 pandemic (APA, 2020). Specifically, externalizing behavior challenges perceived by adults as ‘aggressive’ place adolescents at an increased risk for negative outcomes, including poor academic achievement and involvement with the juvenile justice system (Skiba et al., 2014). Schools have a responsibility to respond to the mental health needs of adolescent students through the implementation of evidence-based intervention (Domitrovich et al., 2010). One program that has demonstrated effectiveness towards improving these outcomes is the seven-session Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE) Teen program, a cognitive-behavioral skills-building intervention. In this study, the COPE program was delivered virtually, through a culturally responsive lens, to three high school students with ongoing aggressive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that the frequency and intensity of the aggressive behavior would decrease for each participant as a function of the COPE program. The behavior was operationally defined for each student and measured through direct observation by parents in the home setting. A single case multiple-baseline design was implemented. Visual analysis of data suggest that the frequency and intensity of aggressive behavior did not decrease as a function of the COPE program, indicating no intervention effect. Supplementary statistical analyses (e.g., log-response ratios) found varied intervention effects among students, ranging from no effects to small effects. Further, participants reported the COPE program as a helpful way to manage stress and would recommend it to their peers. The study results, limitations, and implications for future research are discussed.

Schools are held accountable for creating and maintaining safe learning environments for all students. The prevalence of behavior and conduct disorders, specifically aggression, remain problematic for school campuses. When a child’s aggressive behaviors persist over time, the development of established patterns of violence become harder to modify later in life. Further, aggressive behaviors may be comorbid with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Thus, there is a need to implement effective and feasible school-based interventions in order to ameliorate these problems. One such program that has demonstrated effectiveness is Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE), an individually-administered intervention based in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) principles. COPE promotes self-regulation and the development of coping skills for managing stress. In order to evaluate the COPE program, a single-case design study will be implemented for three adolescents with a history of aggressive behaviors. This study aims to assess the effects of COPE on aggression, anxiety, and depression. It is hypothesized that the COPE program will (a) reduce aggressive behavior and (b) improve depression and anxiety symptoms among students.