Two visual world eye-tracking studies investigated the
effect of emotions and actions on sentence processing.
Positively emotionally valenced German non-canonical
object-verb-subject (OVS) sentences were paired with a
scene depicting three characters (agent-patient-distractor)
as either performing the action described by the sentence,
or not performing any actions. These scene-sentence pairs
were preceded by a positive prime in the form of a happy
looking smiley (vs. no smiley) in experiment 1 and in the
form of a natural positive facial expression (vs. a negative
facial expression) in experiment 2. Previous research has
demonstrated the effect of action depiction on sentence
processing of German OVS sentences (Knoeferle, Crocker,
Scheepers, & Pickering, 2005). Moreover, emotional
priming facilitates sentence processing for older and
younger adults (Carminati & Knoeferle, 2013). However,
up to date there is no evidence as to whether schematic
faces such as smileys are as effective as natural faces in
facilitating sentence processing. These insights lead to the
hypotheses that participants would not only profit from
depicted events, but that processing of OVS sentences
might also be positively affected by emotional cues. Plus,
we assessed the degree of naturalness the emotional face
needs to possess to affect sentence processing. Results
replicate the predicted effect of action depiction (vs. no
action depiction). The expected facilitatory effect of
emotional prime is trending in both experiments. However,
the effect is more pronounced in the natural face version
(exp. 2) than in the smiley version (exp. 1).