Background: Food insecurity, the inability to access and consume healthy foods, is a significant issue in the United States. In 2019, 10.5% (13.7 million) U.S. households experienced one or more episodes of food insecurity during the previous 12 months. Immigrant-headed households and Hispanic-headed households experience food insecurity at higher rates than the general public. Food insecurity is associated with multiple risk factors including household economics, food accessibility, and neighborhood environment. Additionally, food insecurity is associated with numerous negative physical and mental health outcomes across all ages. California is home to one-quarter of the U.S. foreign-born population. Half of California’s immigrant residents were born in Latin America. This study seeks to examine the relationship of access to fruits and vegetables, foreign-born status, neighborhood social environment, and food insecurity among Hispanic parents in California. Further analysis will examine the relationship of food insecurity to physical and mental health outcomes in the same group. Methods: This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adult data from the 2017 and 2018 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) Public Use Files. The sample included 2,532 adults who self-identified as Hispanic and parents or legal guardians of children under 18. Food insecurity was measured by a single household food security item from the CHIS adult survey. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to test associations of access to fruits and vegetables, foreign-born status, and neighborhood social environment to food insecurity. In the second analysis, mental health was measured using the Kessler 6-Item Psychological Distress Scale. Physical health was measured using a single item which asked the respondent to rate their health as excellent, very good, fair, or poor. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to test the association of food insecurity to mental and physical health. Results: Within the previous twelve months 26.9% of Hispanic parents reported experiencing one or more episodes of food insecurity. Parents living in neighborhoods with higher social cohesion were less likely to be food insecure (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.56, 0.85). Parents who reported feeling safe only sometimes or not at all were more likely to be food insecure (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.02, 1.81). Parents who can only sometimes find fresh fruits and vegetables in their neighborhood were more likely to be food insecure (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.20, 2.34). Conversely, the risk for food insecurity among parents who never find fresh fruits and vegetables was similar to parents who can usually/always find fresh fruits and vegetables (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.48, 1.52). Foreign-born status was not significantly related to food insecurity in this sample (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.80, 1.28). Most parents (78.4%) rated their health as good, very good, or excellent. Overall, few parents (7.8%) had experienced psychological distress in the previous 12 months. Food insecure parents were less likely to report good health than food secure parents (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.50, 0.78). Parents who experienced distress in the last year were less likely to report good health compared to parents who did not experience distress (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.20, 0.38). Parents who had experienced food insecurity were 2.6 times as likely to report distress in the last 12 months compared to those who were food secure (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.80, 3.82). Parents who self-reported good health were less likely to report distress in the last 12 months as compared to parents who reported poor health (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.19, 0.37). Overall, few parents (7.8%) had experienced psychological distress in the previous 12 months. Food insecure parents were less likely to report good health than food secure parents (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.50, 0.78). Parents who experienced distress in the last year were less likely to report good health compared to parents who did not experience distress (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.20, 0.38). Parents who had experienced food insecurity were 2.6 times as likely to report distress in the last 12 months compared to those who were food secure (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.80, 3.82). Parents who self-reported good health were less likely to report distress in the last 12 months as compared to parents who reported poor health (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.19, 0.37). Conclusion: A positive neighborhood social environment was associated with a reduced likelihood of experiencing food insecurity after accounting for potential confounding variables. Food insecurity was significantly related to physical health and parental distress after accounting for potential confounding variables. Future efforts to reduce food insecurity should address social and neighborhood level factors in addition to economic factors.