Recently, major cities are facing air pollution problems mostly caused by individual car traffic. Besides the emission of greenhouse gases, particulate matter is a particular concern for public health. In order to mitigate these emission related issues, we developed an environmentally friendly routing approach, which calculates the most fuel-efficient route - based on the driving dynamics of the road, vehicle, and traffic characteristics. In addition, the calculated route is designed to avoid regions of high particulate matter concentration. In order to integrate real-time air quality data of moving and stationary sensors using OGC Sensor Observation Service. Cars are used as moving sensors in the city. The paper evaluates the effects of air quality (particulate matter & greenhouse gases) on the route calculation - so that cars/bikes may receive real-time recommendations to avoid polluted areas.

Lipomas are common benign mesenchymal neoplasms. Although 13% of lipomas are found in the head and neck, only 0.6% have been reported in the larynx. Of all lipomas, the spindle cell variant is the least common. In the present study, we report a case of supraglottic spindle cell lipoma and review the literature of laryngeal spindle cell lipoma. A 35-year-old male presented with dysphagia and dyspnea and was found to have bilateral supraglottic lesions causing airway obstruction. The masses were resected endoscopically. Final pathology demonstrated mature adipocytes and spindle cells, with immunohistochemical patterns supportive of spindle cell lipoma. Spindle cell lipomas have rarely been reported in the upper airway. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient reported to date. These lipomas are uncommon benign neoplasms and should be distinguished from aggressive mesenchymal neoplasms such as liposarcoma variants to guide appropriate conservative but curative therapy.