The K-theory of a polynomial ring R[t] contains the K-theory of R as a summand. For R commutative and containing ℚ, we describe K
*(R[t])/K
*(R) in terms of Hochschild homology and the cohomology of Kähler differentials for the cdh topology.
We use this to address Bass’ question, whether K
n
(R)=K
n
(R[t]) implies K
n
(R)=K
n
(R[t
1,t
2]). The answer to this question is affirmative when R is essentially of finite type over the complex numbers, but negative in general.