[no abstract]

The American Indian tribal nations and communities have long experienced health status worse than that of other Americans. Although major gains in reducing health disparities were made during the last half of the twentieth century, most gains stopped by the mid-1980s. Consequently, health disparities continue to exist with marked variation across Indian Health Service (IHS) areas and within tribes. This is especially concerning for low-income, elderly members of the American Indian community. Addressing chronic diseases in elderly American Indian communities will help us reach the Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Heath goals of improving the quality of life and increasing the life expectancy of American Indians. In an effort to reduce these existing health disparities, it is important to understand the major illnesses affecting the American Indian community and address mechanisms to address the illnesses within the American Indian community. This is a review of the literature about the major illnesses found among elderly American Indians living on or near a reservation. Four sources, including CINAHL, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo, were used to review the literature regarding elderly American Indians living on or near a reservation for the three leading causes of death (heart disease, cancer, and diabetes) and suggested recommendations for health intervention programs in these disease areas. DEMOGRAPHIC PICTURE OF AMERICAN INDIANS LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES Approximately 2.5 million people identified themselves as American Indian in the 2000 US census. The American Indian population includes members of more than 550 federally recognized tribes, which represent different cultural traditions and lifestyles.

In the wake of 2014’s global collapse in oil prices, Alaska continues to struggle with a hugedeficit. Fortunately, the state has over $60 billion in savings to finance its fiscal gap, but Alaskanscontinue to fight over the need for spending cuts and new taxes. Outside of state governmentrevenue, Alaska’s economy remains relatively unaffected by low oil prices, and the state’sreserve funds are growing. So far, though, Alaska’s legislature has not generated a coherent solutionto the state’s unbalanced budget for the long term.

INTRODUCTION: Menières disease causes feelings of fullness or pressure in the ear, hearing loss, tinnitus, and recurrent bouts of vertigo, and mainly affects people aged 30-60 years. Menières disease is at first progressive but fluctuating, and episodes can occur in clusters. Vertigo usually resolves eventually, but the hearing deteriorates and the tinnitus and pressure may persist regardless of treatment. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of combination treatment (betahistine plus thiazide diuretic) to prevent attacks and delay disease progression of Menières disease? What are the effects of intratympanic interventions to prevent attacks and delay disease progression of Menières disease? What are the effects of non-drug interventions to prevent attacks and delay disease progression of Menières disease? What are the effects of dietary interventions to prevent attacks and delay disease progression of Menières disease? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview). RESULTS: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 200 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 151 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 100 studies and the further review of 51 full publications. Of the 51 full articles evaluated, five systematic reviews and four RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for eight PICO combinations. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for seven interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of betahistine plus thiazide diuretic, caffeine restriction, intratympanic corticosteroids, intratympanic gentamicin, psychological support, salt restriction, and vestibular rehabilitation.

This article examines two South Korean sites dedicated to the remembrance of Korean War–era civilian massacres, the Cheju 4.3 Peace Park and the Kŏch’ang Incident Memorial Park. Specifically, the article explores the sites’ localized, victim-centric epistemology as one that counters nationalist discourses and narratives that privilege the state. While acknowledging that these sites offer a physical mnemonic space for challenging the hegemonic “June 25” (yugio) narrative, the author suggests that, in their narrow spatial and ideological orientation, these sites cumulatively fall short of offering a cohesive narrative of the politicidal, anti-Communist state-building project of which they are a consequence. Though of tremendous value in restoring victims’ honor, critiquing human rights abuses of the Republic of Korea, and giving a voice to marginalized groups, these spaces fail to provide historical clarity to a distorted era of South Korea’s past. In addressing this problematic, the article examines the role of family bereavement associations, narrative constructions, and the silencing of the National Guidance League Incident  at these locations. Keywords: Korean War, civilian massacres, politicide, politics of memory, anti-Communism, Cheju 4.3 Peace Park, Kŏch’ang Incident Memorial Park