K-12 Racial Disparities in School Discipline
Parent: The Civil Rights Project / Proyecto Derechos Civiles
eScholarship stats: History by Item for May through August, 2024
| Item | Title | Total requests | 2024-08 | 2024-07 | 2024-06 | 2024-05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7hm2456z | Lost Opportunities: How Disparate School Discipline Continues to Drive Differences in the Opportunity to Learn | 788 | 178 | 208 | 183 | 219 |
| 3g36n0c3 | Opportunities Suspended: The Disparate Impact of Disciplinary Exclusion from School | 322 | 86 | 92 | 78 | 66 |
| 2t36g571 | Are We Closing the School Discipline Gap? | 321 | 93 | 88 | 73 | 67 |
| 8pd0s08z | Out of School and Off Track: The Overuse of Suspensions in American Middle and High Schools | 243 | 62 | 53 | 62 | 66 |
| 9rw655w8 | Disturbing Inequities: Exploring the Relationship Between Racial Disparities in Special Education Identification and Discipline | 176 | 37 | 41 | 52 | 46 |
| 8fh0s5dv | Suspended Education: Urban Middle Schools in Crisis | 174 | 48 | 36 | 35 | 55 |
| 6kw7w8s8 | Dignity, Disparity and Desistance: Effective Restorative Justice Strategies to Plug the "School-to-Prison Pipeline" | 161 | 38 | 40 | 31 | 52 |
| 1x66c4n2 | Is California Doing Enough to Close the School Discipline Gap? | 125 | 37 | 34 | 26 | 28 |
| 85m2m6sj | The High Cost Of Harsh Discipline And Its Disparate Impact | 122 | 29 | 27 | 27 | 39 |
| 2mx8c60x | What Conditions Jeopardize and Support Safety in Urban Schools? The Influence of Community Characteristics, School Composition and School Organizational Practices on Student and Teacher Reports of Safety in Chicago | 114 | 36 | 35 | 20 | 23 |
| 8mv1z75k | Reconsidering the Alternatives: The Relationship between Suspension, Disciplinary Alternative School Placement, Subsequent Juvenile Detention, and the Salience of Race | 99 | 20 | 19 | 29 | 31 |
| 4pw0d5n8 | Misbehavior, Suspensions, and Security Measures in High School: Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences | 98 | 24 | 13 | 12 | 49 |
| 7zc0c135 | The Economic Effects of Exclusionary Discipline on Grade Retention and High School Dropout | 80 | 18 | 23 | 19 | 20 |
| 0d4807x3 | Racial Disparities in School Suspension and Subsequent Outcomes: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 | 74 | 15 | 12 | 25 | 22 |
| 46c8z6z2 | A Mixed Methods Approach Examining Disproportionality in School Discipline | 60 | 20 | 16 | 15 | 9 |
| 4sq993qd | Sent Home and Put Off-Track: The Antecedents, Disproportionalities, and Consequences of Being Suspended in the Ninth Grade | 60 | 16 | 21 | 13 | 10 |
| 0x36s2wf | The Hidden Cost of California's Harsh School Discipline | 58 | 21 | 21 | 8 | 8 |
| 35z7c5sh | The Effectiveness of School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports for Reducing Racially Inequitable Disciplinary Exclusions in Middle Schools | 58 | 16 | 21 | 15 | 6 |
| 2d18x1jb | Making Education Work for Latinas in the U.S. | 55 | 9 | 27 | 7 | 12 |
| 65x5j31h | Charter Schools, Civil Rights and School Discipline: A Comprehensive Review | 51 | 17 | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 7td9r8gq | Lost Instruction Time in California Schools: The Disparate Harm from Post-Pandemic Punitive Suspensions | 50 | 22 | 12 | 8 | 8 |
| 9d19p8wt | The Striking Outlier: The Persistent, Painful and Problematic Practice of Corporal Punishment in Schools | 50 | 12 | 18 | 11 | 9 |
| 8kr718bx | Unmasking School Discipline Disparities in California: What the 2019-2020 Data Can Tell Us About Problems and Progress | 49 | 15 | 17 | 11 | 6 |
| 5wh4x276 | Lost Instruction: The Disparate Impact of the School Discipline Gap in California | 44 | 21 | 11 | 7 | 5 |
| 7xv434vq | Update to Lost Instruction Time in California Schools | 44 | 11 | 13 | 8 | 12 |
| 18h2929c | Student Threat Assessment as a Method of Reducing Student Suspensions | 41 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 12 |
| 2x35t1tf | Discipline and Participation: The Long-Term Effects of Suspension and School Security on the Political and Civic Engagement of Youth | 41 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 7 |
| 9148d09q | Suspended Education in California | 41 | 14 | 14 | 5 | 8 |
| 50b4g9h1 | The Unequal Impact of Suspension on the Opportunity to Learn in CA | 39 | 18 | 11 | 4 | 6 |
| 8fb9x11w | The Costs of High School Failure and School Suspensions for the State of California | 38 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 11 |
| 2pw440h5 | Disabling Inequity: The Urgent Need for Race-Conscious Resource Remedies | 37 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 6 |
| 65w0k9tm | Closing the School Discipline Gap in California: Signs of Progress | 37 | 8 | 6 | 13 | 10 |
| 8cj0n19m | The Economic Burden of High School Dropouts and School Suspensions in Florida | 31 | 18 | 5 | 5 | 3 |
| 99v051v1 | Opportunities Suspended: The Devastating Consequences of Zero Tolerance and School Discipline | 31 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 8 |
| 9dh9k3bq | Where Should We Intervene? Contributions of Behavior, Student, and School Characteristics to Suspension and Expulsion | 30 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 10 |
| 0wq1s982 | Nationwide Survey of State Education Agencies’ Online School Disciplinary Data for Students with Disabilities | 29 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 2 |
| 80x0r63x | The Promise of a Teacher Professional Development Program in Reducing the Racial Disparity in Classroom Exclusionary Discipline | 27 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| 6n84676s | Reducing Suspension among Academically Disengaged Black Males | 26 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| 3687h8gz | Keeping California's Kids in School | 24 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 2 |
| 5437259j | Nationwide Survey of State Education Agencies’ Online School Disciplinary Data | 23 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 2 |
| 8855x4xk | Examining Disproportionality in School Discipline Practices for Native American Students in Canadian Schools Implementing PBIS | 21 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| 0c39d30h | Researchers Responses to Critiques of Our Study, "Charter Schools, Civil Rights and School Discipline: A Comprehensive Report." | 20 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 4 |
| 7wc935jg | Towards Identifying School-level Factors Reducing Disciplinary Exclusions of American Indian/Alaska Native Students | 19 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 4 |
| 4tx3p7tk | Suspended Education in Massachusetts: Using Days of Lost Instruction Due to Suspension to Evaluate Our Schools | 17 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| 2qw5d0rg | Avoid Simple Solutions and Quick Fixes: Lessons Learned from a Comprehensive Districtwide Approach to Improving Conditions for Learning | 14 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Disclaimer: due to the evolving nature of the web traffic we receive and the methods we use to collate it, the data presented here should be considered approximate and subject to revision.