- Zang, Xining;
- Jian, Cuiying;
- Zhu, Taishan;
- Fan, Zheng;
- Wang, Wanlin;
- Wei, Minsong;
- Li, Buxuan;
- Follmar Diaz, Mateo;
- Ashby, Paul;
- Lu, Zhengmao;
- Chu, Yao;
- Wang, Zizhao;
- Ding, Xinrui;
- Xie, Yingxi;
- Chen, Juhong;
- Hohman, J Nathan;
- Sanghadasa, Mohan;
- Grossman, Jeffrey C;
- Lin, Liwei
Ultrathin transition metal carbides with high capacity, high surface area, and high conductivity are a promising family of materials for applications from energy storage to catalysis. However, large-scale, cost-effective, and precursor-free methods to prepare ultrathin carbides are lacking. Here, we demonstrate a direct pattern method to manufacture ultrathin carbides (MoCx, WCx, and CoCx) on versatile substrates using a CO2 laser. The laser-sculptured polycrystalline carbides (macroporous, ~10-20 nm wall thickness, ~10 nm crystallinity) show high energy storage capability, hierarchical porous structure, and higher thermal resilience than MXenes and other laser-ablated carbon materials. A flexible supercapacitor made of MoCx demonstrates a wide temperature range (-50 to 300 °C). Furthermore, the sculptured microstructures endow the carbide network with enhanced visible light absorption, providing high solar energy harvesting efficiency (~72 %) for steam generation. The laser-based, scalable, resilient, and low-cost manufacturing process presents an approach for construction of carbides and their subsequent applications.