Romance languages are well known for their use of expletive
negation (henceforth, EN), i.e., the occurrence of a negator in
the complement clause of certain verbs, adpositions or adverbs
that is “illogically” not part of the meaning of the sentence.
This study explores the hypothesis that such “illogism” that
recurs across languages must be due to universal properties of
the message to be encoded and the language production system.
Jin & Koenig (2019) proposed a language production model to
account for the striking similarity of EN-triggers between two
unrelated languages (French and Mandarin). Their model
makes several predictions which our paper tests: (i) languages
like English where EN is purported not to occur should in fact
include the same range of EN-triggers; (ii) English speakers
can understand a negator within the scope of an EN-trigger
expletively; (iii) the likelihood a speaker of English will
understand a negator expletively is correlated with how
frequently she has encountered an expletive interpretation of
negators for that particular trigger. To test the first prediction,
we conducted a corpus study of unrehearsed English speech on
Google. To test the second prediction, we conducted a semantic
Stroop-like comprehension experiment where participants’
semantic judgements (both logical accuracy and response time)
was dependent on whether a negator was interpreted logically
or expletively. Overall, this paper suggests that EN is by no
means specific to Romance languages and that expletive uses
of negators occur in the same contexts in both production and
comprehension in languages where EN is not conventionalized
to the same degree it is in Romance. Overall, our results
support the claim that “illogical” properties of natural
languages that recur across languages of the world reflect
universal properties of the language production system.