The current research explores the role of two different
motives underlying volunteering (or defecting) in a simple
economic game. We find in Study 1 that in a symmetric
Volunteer’s Dilemma (VoD) the willingness to volunteer is
reduced more strongly by an increase in the payoff for
unilateral defection (suggesting more greed) than by an
increase in the payoff for mutual defection (suggesting less
fear). In Study 2, we replicate this finding when only the
participants’ own payoffs are varied, but not when only the
other player’s payoffs are varied. These findings are
inconsistent with standard (i.e., Nash) game-theoretic
predictions and Schelling’s focal-point hypothesis. Instead,
the empirical patterns suggest that participants approach the
VoD using egocentric decision heuristics.