- Harikane, Yuichi;
- Ouchi, Masami;
- Ono, Yoshiaki;
- Fujimoto, Seiji;
- Donevski, Darko;
- Shibuya, Takatoshi;
- Faisst, Andreas L;
- Goto, Tomotsugu;
- Hatsukade, Bunyo;
- Kashikawa, Nobunari;
- Kohno, Kotaro;
- Hashimoto, Takuya;
- Higuchi, Ryo;
- Inoue, Akio K;
- Lin, Yen-Ting;
- Martin, Crystal L;
- Overzier, Roderik;
- Smail, Ian;
- Toshikawa, Jun;
- Umehata, Hideki;
- Ao, Yiping;
- Chapman, Scott;
- Clements, David L;
- Im, Myungshin;
- Jing, Yipeng;
- Kawaguchi, Toshihiro;
- Lee, Chien-Hsiu;
- Lee, Minju M;
- Lin, Lihwai;
- Matsuoka, Yoshiki;
- Marinello, Murilo;
- Nagao, Tohru;
- Onodera, Masato;
- Toft, Sune;
- Wang, Wei-Hao
We have obtained three-dimensional maps of the universe in ∼200 × 200 × 80 comoving Mpc3 (cMpc3) volumes each at z = 5.7 and 6.6 based on a spectroscopic sample of 179 galaxies that achieves ⪆80% completeness down to the Lyα luminosity of, based on our Keck and Gemini observations and the literature. The maps reveal filamentary large-scale structures and two remarkable overdensities made out of at least 44 and 12 galaxies at z = 5.692 (z57OD) and z = 6.585 (z66OD), respectively, making z66OD the most distant overdensity spectroscopically confirmed to date, with >10 spectroscopically confirmed galaxies. We compare spatial distributions of submillimeter galaxies at z ≃ 4-6 with our z = 5.7 galaxies forming the large-scale structures, and detect a 99.97% signal of cross-correlation, indicative of a clear coincidence of dusty star-forming galaxy and dust-unobscured galaxy formation at this early epoch. The galaxies in z57OD and z66OD are actively forming stars with star-formation rates (SFRs) ⪆5 times higher than the main sequence, and particularly the SFR density in z57OD is 10 times higher than the cosmic average at the redshift (a.k.a. the Madau-Lilly plot). Comparisons with numerical simulations suggest that z57OD and z66OD are protoclusters that are progenitors of the present-day clusters with halo masses of ∼1014 M o˙