Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a repeat expansion in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. The disorder is characterized by kinetic tremor and cerebellar ataxia, shows age-dependent penetrance, and occurs more frequently in men. This paper summarizes the key emerging issues in FXTAS as presented at the Second International Conference on the FMR1 Premutation: Basic Mechanisms & Clinical Involvement in 2015. The topics discussed include phenotype-genotype relationships, neurobehavioral function, and updates on FXTAS genetics and imaging.