We classify the hadron light-cone wave-function amplitudes in terms of parton helicity, orbital angular momentum, and quark-flavor and color symmetries. We show in detail how this is done for the pion, ρ meson, nucleon, and delta resonance up to and including three partons. For the pion and nucleon, we also consider four-parton amplitudes. Using the scaling law derived previously, we show how these amplitudes scale in the limit that all parton transverse momenta become large.

We perform a perturbative QCD analysis of the gluonic gravitational form factors (GFFs) of the proton and pion at large momentum transfer. We derive the explicit factorization formula of the GFFs in terms of the distribution amplitudes of hadrons. At the leading power, we find that the gluon GFFs Ag and Cg scale as Agπ(t)=Cgπ(t)∼1/(−t) for pion, Agp(t)∼1/(−t)2 and Cgp(t)∼ln2⁡(−t/Λ2)/(−t)3 for proton, respectively, where t is the momentum transfer and Λ a non-perturbative scale to regulate the endpoint singularity in Cgp calculation. Our results provide a unique perspective of the momentum dependence of the GFFs and will help to improve our understanding of the internal pressure distributions of hadrons.

We perform a perturbative QCD analysis of the gravitational form factors (GFFs) of nucleon at large momentum transfer. We derive the explicit factorization formula of the GFFs in terms of twist-3 and twist-4 light-cone distribution amplitudes of nucleon. Power behaviors for these GFFs are obtained from the leading order calculations. Numeric results of the quark and gluon contributions to various GFFs are presented with model assumptions for the distribution amplitudes in the literature. We also present the perturbative calculations of the scalar form factor 〈P′| F2| P〉 for pion and proton at large momentum transfer.

We perform a perturbative QCD analysis of the gluonic gravitational form factors (GFFs) of the proton and pion at large momentum transfer. We derive the explicit factorization formula of the GFFs in terms of the distribution amplitudes of hadrons. At the leading power, we find that $A_g^\pi(t)=C_g^\pi(t)\sim 1/(-t)$ for pion, $A_g^p(t)\sim 1/(-t)^2$ and $C_g^p(t)\sim \ln^2(-t/\Lambda^2)/(-t)^3$ for proton, respectively, where $t$ is the momentum transfer and $\Lambda$ a non-perturbative scale to regulate the endpoint singularity in $C_g^p$ calculation. Our results provide a unique perspective of the momentum dependence of the GFFs and will help to improve our understanding of the internal pressure distributions of hadrons.