Until 2000, Kenya was unique in having no formal means for sharing central government revenues with local authorities. Urban and rural governments alike had to cover their capital and current expenses on roads, education, public health, and so on, entirely from own resources. This paper discusses the constructive role transfers can and should play in Kenyan development and the tradeoffs they impose between resource benefits and behavioural incentives. It then recommends several specific proposals for transfer reform, particularly regarding local road maintenance and basic equalisation, along with the implementation mechanisms needed to address associated legal, institutional, and administrative issues. In addition, an action plan for a limited grant programme is proposed for the short term.

After describing the current emission modeling regime, the paper identifies and discusses the major problems with the existing emission modeling approaches. The current short-term modeling improvement programs of the US Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board are discussed. The paper then outlines the three long-term modeling improvement approaches that are currently being investigated by regulatory agencies: a multiple-cycle method, an engine map approach, and a modal modeling technique. Finally, the vehicle activity and emission rate data needs for each modeling approach (both for model development and implementation) are described.

We investigate the discretized version of the compact Randall-Sundrum model. By studying the mass eigenstates of the lattice theory, we demonstrate that for warped space, unlike for flat space, the strong coupling scale does not depend on the IR scale and lattice size. However, strong coupling does prevent us from taking the continuum limit of the lattice theory. Nonetheless, the lattice theory works in the manifestly holographic regime and successfully reproduces the most significant features of the warped theory. It is even in some respects better than the KK theory, which must be carefully regulated to obtain the correct physical results. Because it is easier to construct lattice theories than to find exact solutions to GR, we expect lattice gravity to be a useful tool for exploring field theory in curved space.