- Golalikhani, M;
- Lei, Q;
- Chandrasena, RU;
- Kasaei, L;
- Park, H;
- Bai, J;
- Orgiani, P;
- Ciston, J;
- Sterbinsky, GE;
- Arena, DA;
- Shafer, P;
- Arenholz, E;
- Davidson, BA;
- Millis, AJ;
- Gray, AX;
- Xi, XX
The nature of the metal-insulator transition in thin films and superlattices of LaNiO3 only a few unit cells in thickness remains elusive despite tremendous effort. Quantum confinement and epitaxial strain have been evoked as the mechanisms, although other factors such as growth-induced disorder, cation non-stoichiometry, oxygen vacancies, and substrate-film interface quality may also affect the observable properties of ultrathin films. Here we report results obtained for near-ideal LaNiO3 films with different thicknesses and terminations grown by atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular beam epitaxy on LaAlO3 substrates. We find that the room-temperature metallic behavior persists until the film thickness is reduced to an unprecedentedly small 1.5 unit cells (NiO2 termination). Electronic structure measurements using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and first-principles calculation suggest that oxygen vacancies existing in the films also contribute to the metal-insulator transition.